Is conscription & zakah compulsory in a Muslim state (i.e. one which follows the Sharia)? Are taxes collected (from Muslims) in a Muslim state, also a form of zakah? Is the state allowed to give punishment(s) to those who don’t pay zakah, or to those who don’t abide to the conscription laws during war-time? If so, what are the punishment(s)?
Re: Conscription & Zakah in Islam
The sad thing is that there is no country which implements the islamic economic system. From what I've read and heard the state collects Zakah, Jizyah and Kharaj. I don't know the details for Jizyah and Kharaj.
As for those who don't pay zakah, then the collectors are to take it forcefully and a fine can be incurred. And if that doesn't work then the state does what Abu Bakr radiAllahuanhu did.
As for conscription, I don't think it applies. The Prophet salAllahualaihiwasallam used to excuse people from not going. But Surah Tauba says that the excused are of two types, those who turn away with tears (the mu'mineen) and those who turn away feeling happy (munafiqeen).
The munafiqeen were not punished.
There's also the story of the three sahaba who lagged behind for Tabuk, they were given a punishment, but the others who made up excuses weren't given a punishment.