Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan and the ninth largest city in the country. The population of the city has grown from 100,000 in 1951 to 1.15 million as of 2011. The greater Islamabad-Rawalpindi Metro Area is the third largest conurbation in Pakistan with a population of over 4.5 million inhabitants. Since its foundation, Islamabad has attracted people from all over Pakistan, making it one of the most cosmopolitan and urbanized cities of Pakistan. As the capital, Islamabad is the seat of the Government of Pakistan; the Presidential Palace (Aiwan-e-Sadr) is also located here. Islamabad is also home to the Pakistan Monument, which is one of the two national monuments of Pakistan.
Islamabad is a modern city located in the Potohar Plateau in the northeastern part of the country. The region has historically been a part of the crossroads of Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa with the Margalla Pass acting as the gateway between the two regions. The city was built during the 1960s to replace Karachi as Pakistan’s capital. Islamabad is a well-organised international city divided into several different sectors and zones. It is regarded as the most developed city in Pakistan and is ranked as a Gamma- world city. The city is home to the Faisal Mosque, the largest mosque in South Asia and the fourth largest mosque in the world.
Islamabad has the highest literacy rate in Pakistan. There are 16 recognised universities in Islamabad, including some of the top-ranked universities in Pakistan: Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan Institute of Engineering & Applied Sciences, and National University of Sciences and Technology, Allama Iqbal Open University in Islamabad is one of the world’s largest universities by enrollment. Islamabad has the lowest infant mortality rate in the country at 38 deaths per thousand as compared to the national average of 78 deaths per thousand. The Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences hospital in Islamabad is one of the largest hospitals in Pakistan.
Islamabad features an atypical version of a humid subtropical climate, with warm and dry springs, hot and humid summers accompanied by amonsoon season, and brief but cool winters. Islamabad’s micro-climate is regulated by three artificial reservoirs; Rawal, Simli, and Khanpur Dam. Khanpur Dam is located on the Haro River near the town of Khanpur, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) from Islamabad. Simli Dam is located 30 kilometres (19 mi) north of Islamabad. 220 acres (89 ha) of the city consists of Margalla Hills National Park. Loi Bher Forest is situated along the Islamabad Highway, covering an area of 1,087 acres (440 ha). The hottest months extend from May to July, where average highs routinely exceed 38 °C](Celsius - Wikipedia)(100.4 °F](Fahrenheit - Wikipedia)). The monsoon season lasts from July through September, with heavy rainfalls and evening thunderstorms frequently flooding the area. Highest monthly rainfall of 743.3 millimetres (29.26 in) was recorded during July 1995. Winters occur from December to February, with temperatures variable by location, generally with dense fog in the mornings and sunny afternoons. In the city, temperatures stay mild, with sparse snowfall over the highest elevations points on nearby hill stations, notably Murree and Nathia Gali. The weather ranges from 13 °C (55 °F) in January to 38 °C (100 °F) in June. The highest temperature recorded was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) on 23 June 2005 while the lowest temperature was −6 °C(21.2 °F) on 17 January 1967. The city has recorded snowfall. On 23 July 2001, Islamabad received a record breaking 620 millimetres (24 in) of rainfall in just 10 hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in Islamabad in the past 100 years and the highest rainfall in 24 hours as well.







