Re: Can pure Islamic thinking only exist in underdeveloped or repressive environments
Yes, only in the sense that the vistages of Islamic traditions untainted by colonial experiences exist within these places, to a certain degree. There is a continuity of tradition, and an interest in maintaining it. Purity in this sense is that the intellectual tradition was (presumably) internalized and reconciled by a Muslim society without major conflict.
I will not say originated within Muslim society, as the number of external influnces, (Greece/Syrian/Egyptian, Persian, Chinese, Turkic/Mongol empires, etc) on Islamic thought on secular matters dating right back to the time of Sahaba makes me question the relevancy of “purity”, never mind the desirability .
Note that this is entirely independent of how one defines modernity…