Barozai Afghans of Sibi and Dhadar

Arts & Culture History
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The history of the Barozais dates from about 1470 when Bara Khan, the founder of the Barozais, ingratiated himself with the Mizri Kakars who were then in possession of Dadhar and married the daughter of the chief. On the decay of the Arghun rule, the Pannis increased in power and importance, and about 1570 — 1575 are found as being in possession of the Sibi fort and district. Three expeditions were undertaken by the Mughals against them. In 1595, the fort of Siwi, finally fell to the imperialists, led by Mir Masum, the soldier and the historian.

"The year 1595 saw the completion of the conquests and annexations in the north-west effected by the arms of Akbar’s officers or through diplomacy based on the terror of his name. In February of that year Mir Masiim, the historian, who wielded the sword and the pen with equal facility, attacked the fort of Siwi to the south-east of Quetta {ante, p. 245), which was held by the Parni Afghans. The tribesmen, who mustered in force to defend their stronghold, were defeated in battle, and after consideration surrendered the place, with the result that all Balochistan, as far as the frontiers of the Kandahar province, and including Makran, the region near the coast, passed under the imperial sceptre. (Raverty, Notes, pp. 600-3, from original authorities)

The tribe is spoken of as having fought bravely and it seems to have retained its importance, as in 1695 its dependencies were held by one Mirza Khan, a Baruzai, who had received the title of Nawab from the ruler of Delhi and also administered the affairs of Upper Sind.

During the time of Mirza Khan Barozai, the Afghan Chief of Sibi (1666-1699 AD) eighteen battles were fought betweenthe Panni Confederacy and the Brahuis of Kalat in the neighbourhood of Sibi or Dhadar (Major H.G. Raverty does not make a mention of these but other historians belonging to the opposite sides namely, Mullah Fazil and Akhund Muhammad Sidique Akhbar-ul-Abrar 1854 mentioned these). In sixteen battles with the Barozai Ruler of Siwi, Mir Ahmad Brahui was defeated in each encounter with their forces. A seventeenth engagement took place at a spot called Pir Lehkan in which neither party obtained a decisive result. But Mir Ahmad himself, and his Minister, Akhund Mohammad Saleh, were both wounded and Mir Shawaz and Mir Ibrahim, the latter an ancestor of the Naushirwani Sardar Mir Azad Khan, lost their lives. The Brahuis left the battlefield; the Afghans collected the booty, consisting of silken belts and horses of Turki and Tazi breed. Mir Ahmad Qambrani’s sister named Bibo gallantly attacked the Pannis. Attired in male garments she fought valiantlyand got killed at the hand of Jalal Khan Kurak.

Soon the Brahuis avenged themselves on the Pannis and defeated Rahim Khan Pirang who led the Pannis in the absence of Mirza Khan Barozai. Mullah Fazil writes: Mir Ahmad got off his horse to inspect the bodies of some of the Afghan nobles famous for their bravery in the battlefield. He smeared his moustaches with the fat of Syed Abdul Nabi and drank the blood of Shanbay Pirani (Mulla Fazil Nasab Nam-i-Barozi or History of Siwi, 1825 AD).

In 1695 AD, peace prevailed between the two tribes, which was sealed by a happy marriage of Princes Mahnaz the daughter of Mir Ahmad Qambrani with Said Khan Barozai Panni, the brother of Mirza Khan Barozai.

Meanwhile, in 1708 AD the Panni estate of Sibi had been almost taken over by the Kalhoras. in February 1708 A.D., that is one month after the Ghilzai rebellion and takeover of Kandhar, Panni Afghans of Siwi and Dhadar also rebelled against the Kalhora rule and, defeating the occupation forces, recaptured the twin forts of Siwi and Dhadar.

Mirza Khan was succeeded by his son Bakhtiar Khan Barozai who rose in revolt against the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb Alamgir in January, 1702 A.D. He successfully fought for the freedom of Siwi or Sibi, but later fell a prey to a strong Mughal force led by the Subedar of Multan, Muizuddin. His successor Ismail Khan is locally credited with having built the town of Dera Ismail Khan ; he was succeeded by Isa Khan, who was followed by Ismail Khan II who accompanied Nadir Shah to Delhi and later on built the fort at Sangan.

The Baruzais of Sibi appear to have become separated from the Sangan branch at this period, and during the reign of Ahmad Shah, Durrani, Muhammad Khan, who had gone to Kabul to complain of Ismail Khan, was granted a warrant dated 1759 in which Ahmad Shdh entrusted the Government of the Sibi District and the Barkhan, Khethran and Hasni dependencies jointly to both claimants.

Muhammad Khan was killed by the Khajaks, a branch ofthe tribe who had greatly increased in strength and importance, and his successor Habib Khan, who was also ultimately slain by the Khajaks, was obliged to abandon Sibi and retire to Kurk. The Khajaks had now become the most powerful section, and their importance is shown by the common Sibi proverb which says that, “though the Kakars may coquet in the hills, the Khajaks lord it in the plains.”

At the out- break of the Afghan war in 1839, the nominal chief of the tribe was Shakar Khan, but the real power was in the hands of Misri Khan, who tendered his services to Shah Shuja and was taken into British pay. In 184 1, as already described in the section on History, the town of Khajak was occupied by British troops and dismantled. The power of the Khajaks was thus weakened, and shortly afterwards the Marris acquired a footing in the Sibi District. They dis- possessed the Pannis of Badra and Quat-Mandai and over- ran Sangan. Shakar Khan was succeeded by his son Doda Khan, but he was a weak chief and after Misri Khdn’s death the management of the tribe passed successively into the hands of Bakhtiar Khan and Sher Zaman Khan, the latter of whom was killed while endeavouring to stop a fight between the Brahuis and the Marghazani section of the Pannis. After Doda Khan’s death the chieftainship of the tribe devolved on his eldest son Muhammad Khan after being unsuccessfully claimed by Sarbuland Khdn, the son of Misri Khan.

According to Tarikhi Sindh (volume vi part one page 392) of Ghulam Rasool Mehr, the Dhahdar area was in possession of Barozais, with Malik Kala khan Barozai listed as owner of land thereof , upto the times of Mian Nur Muhammad Kalhora (1719-1753 A.D). Graves of Panni notables such as Junaid Khan Barozai , Mirza Khan Barozai, and well known Mullah Misri Afghan are present in Dhadar. The town of Dhadar formed the first capital of the Panni tribe of Afghans on their arrivals in the plains. It was also the place where Dara Shikoh, the Mughal prince, visited Juanid khan, the first Barozai chief and in the vicinity of which many of the famous Baruhi Afghan battles were fought towards the end of seventeenth century A.D.

  1. In 1901, the number of Pannis in the district was 3,656 : males 1,871, females 1,785. They are divided into nine- teen sections : Abdulla Khel, Ali Khel, Bjighun, Baruzai, Davi, Dehpjil, Janti, Khajak, Kurk, Laun, Luni, Marghazani, Mizri, Musa Khel, Naudhjini, Pirani, SAfi, Sodi and Usmani.

**Daud Khan Panni
**
Daud Khan Panni was a Mughal commander, Nawab of the Carnatic and later Viceroy of Deccan.In 1703, Daud Khan was appointed as the Nawab of the Carnatic. Before he was made Nawab, the Emperor Aurangazeb appointed him as a leading commander of the Mughal Army in 1701.

Sources

*1.*Sibi district; text. Compiled by A. McConaghey](Sibi district; text. Compiled by A. McConaghey : McConaghey, A : Free Download, Borrow, and Streaming : Internet Archive)"
*2 *The Tribal Baluchistan bySyed Abdul Quddus
*3 *Afghans of the frontier passes: a study in the historical geography of Sibi and Dhader in the Balochistan province of Pakistan, Volume 1

The Ain I Akbari - Volume 3
Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan by Henry George Raverty

Barozai Afghans of Sibi | History of Pashtuns

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**History of Sibi Balochistan

History of Kachi Bolan Balochistan**

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Mir Ahmed Baloch vs Barozai pathans and Rind Magsi Domki Baloch of Kachi in Bolan and history of Sibi Balochistan Click this link http://www.paklinks.com/gs/indo-pak-history/647100-history-of-baloch-and-balochistan-18.html](http://www.paklinks.com/gs/indo-pak-history/647100-history-of-baloch-and-balochistan-18.html)

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**After the Death of Ameer E Omar Meerwani Baloch this tragedy spread all over baloch nation and on that time his son Ameer E Bejar was 5 year old . In response to this tragedy Ameer E Shahek Rind who was Ameer E Makran and considered himself a senior among the Baloch Brotherhood and Baloch unity to take the responsibility of Baloch Leadership and came in action . On 15 February 1485 Ameer E Shahek Rind with Mir Chakar and Ameer Gwahram Lashari with their Balochi Armies marched toward Mashkey and camped near Nagari (Surab) . On 20th February 1485 Ameer E Shahek Rind and Mir Chakar attacked the Castle of Nagari , and after an extremly intense battle Ameer Jalib chataa Jadgal was killed and castled was captured. After wards Ameer E Shahek Rind went to Kalat and announced himself as the new king of Baloch Nation. After two year Ameer E Shahek and his son Ameer Chakar and Ameer Gwahram Lashari planed to conquer Area of Kachi .Ameer E Shahek and his Son Mir Chakar conquered Bolan and Dadar . Ameer Gwahram Lashari conquered Gundahwa and both Armies marched toward Bagh .On 18th January Ameer E Shahek Rind Mir Chakar and Ameer Gwahram Lashari Attacked Sibi. The head of Sibi was Chief Allahdin Pothra Dawood which was Appointed by Jam Nizamudin Al Marof as Chief of Sibi and was defeated by Ameer E Shahek Rind Ameer E Baloch and Mir Chakar Rind . After the conquest of Sibi , in the season of spring Sibi festival was held for the first time as a celebration of the quest and so the foundation of the Sibi festival were laid. Ameer E Shahek made Sibi the Capital of Balochistan and Meer Mando Rind was Appointed as Governor of Kalat. On 2th February 1487 there was a Old Castle which was repaired by Ameer E Shahek Rind and made it a huge Castle.And later on in 1489 which was named Chakar Castle. Ameer E Shahek Rind Ameer E Baloch Died in sibi on 11 February 1490 replaced by his Son Mir Chakar Rind 1490 to 1512

**

http://balochhistory11.blogspot.com/2014/10/king-of-balochistan-king-mir-chakar_31.html

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Rind-lashari wars in sibi-dhadar area are fictitious, that area was inhabited by panni afghans in 15th and 16th century as proved by historical evidences. From a book of court historian of mughal emperor akbar, we come to know that Chakar rind was a petty hakim of sataghara in the service of haibat khan niazi. For details , refer to History of Pashtuns: Fact and Fiction about Mir Chakar Rind

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Robert Niel Pehrson and ‎Fredrik Barth in their book **“**The Social Organization of the Marri Baluch](The Social Organization of the Marri Baluch - Robert Niel Pehrson - Google Books)” says that the present Marri Maretas (serfs of marris) are descendants of slaves of the Barozai (page 12). Which indicates that present day Marri territories were once in possession of Barozais.

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If it was Pashtun land how did Baloch arrive there? We need to keep in mind brahuis and other Baloch tribes have been living in these areas for thousands of years.

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First of all its not true that Balochs in the northren and central balochistan are natives to the land since "thousands" of years, even balochs dont make this claim. Secondly, have you ever heard of the word 'conquering'? settlements, colonization?.......Sibi is still populated by Pashtun tribes, barozai, Safi, Mizri, Dahpal, kurk/Usmani, Dawi and Khajjak , though they speak sindhi now.The southern portion of the district has been conquered by marri balochs, not long ago but in the 19th century after second anglo-afghan war, as documented by British. Not just sibi and bolan, but kohlu was also conqured by balochs from zarkun pashtuns in 19th century. This entire region (sibi, kohlu, dera bugti) was part of afghanistan before second anglo-afghan war. When Sibi division was handed over to british in treaty of gandamak, Balochs of sibi division particularly marris grew very aggressive against neighboring pashtun tribes and made gains in kohlu and sibi districts.

No balochs and brahuis north of kalat region are settled there since long times. Even alberuni mentions that Pashtuns live in sulieman ranges upto the lands of sindh. Marri-bugti area was once inhabited by pashtun tribes of nahar and kung as mentioned in 12th century source tarikh-i-nama herat by saif harvi.

The entire north-western portion of balochistan is original homelend of pashtuns, true afghanistan. Almost all tribes have migrated from there to present day afghanistan and KPK/FATA. Thats why arabs and others called pashtuns as "suliemanis" due to koh-sulieman.

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tell me some more jokes :cb:

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There are a few things that need clarification. Firstly the Afghanistan that we know now included parts of Punjab and Sindhi too at some stage. It might have included parts of Baluchistan as well. Secondly you mentioned that Baloch entered the area through conquests, which wars took place in these areas in the 19th century? The bugtis are karma zais but they don't consider them Pashtuns.

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Barkhan is derived from Baro Khan, the founder of the Barozai family of Pannis, who either ruled this area on behalf of the Governors of Sibi or owned it himself.
Barkhan - Government of Balochistan

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Bhai sahab Afghan rule on Punjab ended much earlier during ranjeet singh times. While Sibi division, Quetta division, Zhob divison and Loralai were part of Afghanistan up to treaty of Gandmak 1879. Even Shikarpur district of sindh was part of Afghanistan as late as 1824.

To clarify the matter further to you, i am putting sources here to convince you first that sibi division was part of afghanistan up to 1879.

I dont thinko you know even basic details about the topic so lets first get to basics. First get basic idea about treaty of gandamak, read this wikipediaarticle about it. But as Wiki is unreliable and editable so here are solid sources,

1- a treaty (Treaty of Gandamak) was concluded in May 1879, which forced Afghanistan to accept Britain’s control of its foreign affairs and to cede to the British various frontier areas, including the districts of Pishin, Sibi, Harnai, and Thal Chotiali.
Pakistan: A Country Study - Google Books

2- Graet Britain was to acquire certain frontier districts and to retain control of the Khyber Pass and the Pishin, Sibi and Kurum districts.
The Cambridge History of British Foreign Policy, 1783-1919 - Google Books

In the next post i will explain the incursion of marri balochs into sibi and kohlu in 19th century.

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Penetration of Marris into sibi
At the out- break of the Afghan war in 1839, the nominal chief of the tribe was Shakar Khan, but the real power was in the hands of Misri Khan, who tendered his services to Shah Shuja and was taken into British pay. In 1841, as already described in the section on History, the town of Khajak was occupied by British troops and dismantled. The power of the Khajaks (Pashtun tribe) was thus weakened, and shortly afterwards the Marris acquired a footing in the Sibi District. They dis- possessed the Pannis (pashtuns) of Badra and Quat-Mandai and over- ran Sangan
Sibi district; text. Compiled by A. McConaghey (1907) page 63

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Penetration of Marris into kohlu
1- Owing to disputes between the Zarkun Afghans and the Marris, the Kohlu valley was brought under British protection in 1891. (Imperial Gazetteer of India by Sir William Wilson Hunter page 338)

2- The Isot and Zarkun are small offshoots of the original Pani stock, inhabiting respectively the Musakhel, Kohlu and Duki tahsils. (Census of India, 1921 - Volume 4 - Page 96)

3- According to Dr. O. T. Duke in his reports of 1883, " the Zarkuns, who are stated to have originally belonged to the Musakhel tribe, occupied some 300 years ago (in 1580s), Kohlu, Mamand, Gamboli and the neighbouring hills under their Sardar Firoz Khan. The Hasnis, who were expelled from Philawar by the Marris about 100 years ago (in 1783) tried unsuccessfully to take Kohlu from the Zarkuns. " In January 1876 the Masori Bugtis attacked and looted the Zarkuns who pursued the party and killed 14 of them. A few months afterwards another body of Bugtis, which came to revenge the death of their comrades, was attacked by the Zarkuns, and its leader Haidar Khan was killed with 28 others. The Marris fomented the strife and gave passage through their country to a force, consisting of nearly all the Bugtis led by their chiefs, the Zarkuns were outnumbered, the Kohlu valley was sacked, 70 Zarkuns and 27 Bugtis were killed. The Marris, who had previously acquired Gamboli and Mamand from the Zarkuns, invited them to return to Kohlu and the Marri Chief Ghazan offered them an offensive and defensive alliance against the Bugtis. The Zarkuns returned to Kohlu and Ghazan died soon after- wards. In July 1878 the Zarkuns, few and weak, yielded to the Marris, who took three-fourths of the valley themselves and left a fourth to the Zarkuns, MehruHa Khan, the Marri Sardar, taking Gulu Gozu as his panjiik (chief’s share)." Owing to the continued encroachments of the Marris, the Zarkuns were taken under British protection and in 1892 a sub-tahsil established in the valley. The chief occupation of the Zarkuns is agriculture and the headman is Dada Khan, Sharawani, who receives a monthly allowance of Rs. 45 as a Jemaddr of Levies and a special annual allow- ance of lOo maunds of grain and 50 maunds of blitisd (1905) (Mr. O.T Duke’s report on Thal-Chotili and Harnai district, compiled in 1883 A.D. Sibi district; text. Compiled by A. McConaghey page 67)

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Mir Chakar Rind was neither born in Sibi nor he was a king

According to Tarikh-nama-Herat of Saif Harvi , in the 13th century, the tract of land from Mastung to Quetta to Duki (Through Sibi) to Rojhun Mazari was an integral part of the history’s first semi-sovereign state of Afghanistan, of which capital was at Mastung. At that time the Afghan tribes Nahars and Kungs or kangs were powerful predatory tribes in the Siwi to Rujhan area because it is stated in the said book the Kurt/Mughal forces attacked these “Afghan thieves” in a place situated 70 Farsakhs (about 20 miles) south of Duki. According to Col.H.S.Jerrets English translation of Ain-i-Akbari Vol.II (page 336) and also according to Cambridge history of India Vol.III (page 503) Rai Sahra of the Afghan clan of Langahs used to rule Siwi immediately before 1440 A.D. In the same year he is stated to have captured multan from his son-in-law Shiekh Yusuf Qureshi. The Shiekh went to Delhi and sought refuge with Sultan Behlol lodhi whereas Rai Sahra assuming the title of Sultan Qutubuddin ruled Multan for the next 16 years until he died in 1456 A.D and was succeeded by his son Sultan Hussain I. This Langah ( Afghan) rule of Siwi in the 15th century is the least known episode although it has the effect of further eroding the authenticity of that part of Baloch epic poetry which assign the same period in the plains of Siwi and Dhadar to its own legendary of the Rind and Lashar tribes.

Towards the end of 15th and in the beginning of 16th century A.D, Siwi fort was ruled by Bahadur Khan of Sindh and then by one sultan Purdil Barlas whose forces were thrown out by the forces of Shah Baig son of Zannun Beg Arghun. In 1543 A.D Siwi fort was visited by the fugitive Mughal King Humayun along with his infant son Akbar, the future great Mughal and the emperor of India. The father and the son found the Arghuns in the possession of the fort . Mullah Mehmud Jiskani, the author of Tazkir-ul-bar, assigns 15th century for the occupation of Siwi by the Pannis. According to the Akbar-nama of Abul fazal and Akbar-nama of Faizi Sirhindi , by 1575 A.D Panni Afghans were already in control of Siwi fort. They, therefore must have been present in the general area of Siwi much before that date since it is likely that their conquest of Sibi or Siwi would have taken some considerable time.

It is therefore historically incorrect to claim that the Siwi fort was either built or was ever ruled by the legendary Baloch Hero Mir Chakar Rind . He is said by the Baloch historians to have lived and fought between 1450-1550 A.D whereas Siwi town as well as Siwi fort existed centuries before this period and were ruled in turn by epic Hindu kings Brahmuns, Buddhists, Persians, Turks, Mughals and Afghans. In the latter case Afghan presence in Siwi, which may have commenced in Al-Beruni times, continued right upto May 1879 when it gave way to the British supremecy over Sibi, Duki, Loralai and Pishin in accordance with stipulations of the treaty of Gandmak. As a matter of fact the Baloch people had not even entered the upper Sindh plains till about 1580 A.D. The Ain-i-Akbari clearly describes the amount of land revenue as well as the Afghan land owners of Duki, Harnai and Siwi tract. At that time in the whole length of this plain either there were no Baloch land owners at all or, as Major Raverty states, only one Mahal near Sukkar/Bhakkar by the name of “Jatoi: contained people belonging to the Baloch race. This is the reason that word Balochistan , first used by Abu Fazal , applied to the northern locality of Sukkar in Sindh rather than to any area covered by the present day Sibi , Quetta, Zhob divisions.

Over a dozen or so Baloch historians writing on the exploits of Mir Chakar’s exploits in the Sibi-Dhadar plains have relied almost entirely on legendary tales. It is only fair to expect them to conduct further research to see how much of the fiction contained in the Baloch epic poetry may be accepted as authentic history and for what reasons. Beside , said Baloch historians, when their works are studied critically , do not agree with one another, on the specific dates of the life, events and activities of the legendary heroes.

All the authentic books dealing with Siwi during the 15th and 16th centuries fail to make any mention even of the name of this legendary hero. Not only this, these histories show that Siwi, during the period in question, was ruled by different other rulers including Mongoloid Turk extraction. Nor is there any graveyard in the vicinity of Siwi to show that some of the legendary Rind and Lashar heroes or their companions , killed in frequent battles, lie buried in the area where they area said to have lived , fought and died. In this connection reader may refer to the Babar-nama, Tarikhe-Masumi, Tarikhe-Mazare-Shahjehani, Tarikhe-Farishta, Tuhfa-i-Akbar-Shahi, Ain-i-Akbari, Akbar-nama and Major Raverty notes on Balochistan. All the Baloch historians have based their accounts , not on historical records but on legends.

The British histrorian Major Raverty maintains that Mir Chakar lived, fought and died , not in Siwi, but over a hundred miles north of Multan and that too as an ordinary zamindar under the supremacy of Suri and his subordinate Niazi Afghans. The same author also quotes an article by Longworth Dames published in the “Journal of the Bengal asaitic society”| For the year 1880 in which the author had himself doubted the contention that the old Siwi fort was ever built by Mir Chakar Rind. On the contrary Dames thought Shah Baig Arghun really built the fort of Siwi.

Tareekh-e-Farishta contain nothing about the so called Rind-Lashar wars and the legendary baloch heroes of Siwi-Dhadar area. There is however mention of Ismael Khan, Ghazi khan and Futeh khan, the chiefs of the Dodai Balochs, having waited on Sher Shah Suri some where in the present Punjab area. This happened at a time when the vanquished King Humayun fled in the direction of Sindh (1542/1543 A.D) and the victor Sher Shah had assumed formally the title of the King of the India. At another place following account has been recorded ,

“meanwhile Haibat khan (Niazi) was sent to wrest Multan out of the hands of the Balochies who had occupied it. Futeh Khan Baloch was in consequence was attacked and expelled and the whole country submitted to the arms of Dilhy, Haibat khan received the title of Azam Humayun and government of Multan.”

Another interesting details in Tarikh-i-Farishta ,

“The method of measurement was the general practice throughout the kingdom, the only exception being the country around Multan which suffered greatly from the disorders. Sher Shah ordered Haibat khan to expel the Balochis who had plundered and taken possession of those parts of the country during the times of Mongol raids. Haibat Khan defeated the Balochi chiefs and restored the country to its former state”

In Tarikh-i-Shershahi/Tuhfai-Akbar-Shahi by abbas Khan Sarwani there is a mention in Multan area of one “Chakar Rind”. He has been shown to be an ordinary hakim of Satgarah (place in Okara, Punjab) and on one occasion is ordered by Haibar Khan Niazi to prepare himself for the visit and review of his armed men by Niazi. This sudden news greatly upsets Chakar Rind who is shown, in the manuscript, to have thereby thrown in panic,
The relevant lines on page 92 and 93 read as follows,

“When Sher Shah had laid siege to the fort of Raisin, he received a letter from Khawwas khan saying that he and Niazi had developed some differences between themselves. “The letter contained a request that Sher Shah should, therefore , summon one of the two. Having gone through the letters of Khawwas , Sher Shah summoned khawwas khan, Isa Khan Niazi and Haseeb khan. Then he conferred the country of Punjab on Haibat Khan Niazi and ordered him to rescue and rehabilitate Multan which had been usurped by the Balochs. He was also to chastise Fateh Khan Jat of Qabula, who had been, during the Mughal period, laying waste to the country upto Panipat. As soon as Haibat khan received these orders , he summoned the representative of Chakar Rind – The hakim of Satgarah . The representative was told to go and inform Chakar Rind that Haibat khan Niazi was going to tour those areas . Chakar should be prepared to present his contingent for parade/review. One who related the story that he had heard it from Wakil Fateh khan kanbo that when he went to Chakar Rind and disclosed to him what Haibat Khan Niazi has said, the former was thrown in panic, he had no time either to a reception or to put together the ‘lashkar’ as demanded. At this time Haibat khan Niazi was merely two day’s distance away. Next morning the news came that Haibat khan Niazi had already arrived. Hearing this, Chakar became nervous, although he did manage to get on his horseand to go out to receive the dignity.”

A careful reading of the relevant Persian text suggests that Chakar Rrind was not even ‘Mir’ Chakar Rind, a title conferred on him by his well-wishers posthumously. He was one of the several ordinary subordinate “Hakims” under the general command of Afghan forces viz Haibat khan Niazi – operating against the Balochs of Multan under the orders of Sher Shah Suri. Besides , far from being a hero of balochs, Chakar is shown bothy by legend as well as history , as a notable who was subordinate of Suri and Niazi Afghans.

We have the testimony of failry reliable records that like Alberuni’s India, Tarikh-Namah-Heart, Tarikhi Makhzani Afghani, Tarikh-i-farishta , Ain-i-Akbari etc etc which say that in the 11th, 12th, 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, the whole of Koh-e-Sulayman area down to the valley of Sindh was inhabited by Afghans.

Marris who are stated to be Rinds of Mir Chakar’s party actually obtained Kahan , Mawand and Kohlu area from Nahars , Hasni Tarins and Zarkuns with the military assistance of Mir Naseer Khan of kalat in the 18th century. Some details of these events havc been provided in Mr. O.T Duke’s report on Thal-Chotili and Harnai district, compiled in 1883 A.D. Rai Bahadur Hitu Ram on page 681 of his Tarikh Balochistan has recorded that in a Leghari Barkhan there is a mosque which has, affixed to it, an inscription in a stone. According to this inscription , the mosque was built in 770 A.H i.e 1368 A.D by one Malik Boya Musiani Tarin – indicating that Tarins were there in western Dera Ghazi khan as far back as 14th century. It may be recalled that According to Tarikh-Namah Heart, compiled by Saifi, the area of later day Quetta , Loralai and Sibi divisions was known as “Afghanistan” in 1249 A.D.

According to Tarikhi Sindh (volume vi part one page 392) of Ghulam Rasool Mehr, the Dhahdar area was in possession of Barozais, with Malik Kala khan Barozai listed as owner of land thereof , upto the times of Mian Nur Muhammad Kalhora (1719-1753 A.D). Graves of Panni notables such as Junaid Khan Barozai , Mirza Khan Barozai, and well known Mullah Misri Afghan are present in Dhadar. The town of Dhadar formed the first capital of the Panni tribe of Afghans on their arrivals in the plains. It was also the place where Dara Shikoh, the Mughal prince, visited Juanid khan, the first Barozai chief and in the vicinity of which many of the famous Baruhi Afghan battles were fought towards the end of seventeenth century A.D.

Both the legend as well as the history of Chakar Rind career at Multan make out Chakar as an ally and an instrument of the military strategy of Afghans rather than a Baloch national hero. Last not the least. In March 1992 Chakar khan Baloch , editor of monthly magazine “Balochi Douya Multan” called upon the Baloch historians to come up with solid historical evidence to prove Chakar Rind’s existence in Siwi. No one has ever responded to his clarion call.
(A-Aziz-Luni)

Sources/References
1. The Ain I Akbari : Abū al-Faz̤l ibn Mubārak, 1551-1602
2. The Akbarnama
3. Tareekh Farishta
4. Al-Harawi -- The Tarikh Nama-i-Harat
5. Tuhfa-i-Akbarshahi (Tarikh-i-Shershahi)
6. Alberuni's India. An account of the religion
7. Notes on Afghanistan and Baluchistan by Major Henry George Raverty
8. Babar-Namah

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Re: Barozai Afghans of Sibi and Dhadar

nahars and kung were sindhi tribes not pashtun and they may have spent some time in sibi but were not rulers of sibi, sibi and dadar were ruled by **Jam Nizamudin before being conquered by baloch and then Arghuns. barozai pashtuns came to sibi and daddar after arghuns and barozai were under the mughals cause they were already serving the mughal army . u edited the wikipedia of akber i saw that in the previous edits before that this was written in the wiki of akber : akber sent mir masoom In 1595 to sibi to conquer it. mir masoom defeated the baloch chiefs in a pitched battle and they were forced to attend the imperial court of akber no mention of any panni or barozai and apart from that panni were not rulers of sibi or dhadar they were only chief of that area of sibi where they lived under the mughals however the baloch tribes of sibi and dhaddar like domki magsi rind lashari jakhrani magsi chandio were independent and never came under the barozai rather they helped barozai against khan of kalat Mir Ahmad on their request but baloch tribes never asked for help to barozai of sibi, baloch tribes only came under the mughals for some time after that they were fully independent. and pashtun are in minority in sibi, and baloch are in majority there, 20 percent area of sibi where some pashtun tribes live belong to them and the 80 percent area sibi where baloch tribes live belong to them and as for dhaddar bolan so baloch are in majority there too bolan is in complete baloch control no panni pathan tribe live there let alone panni not a single pathan tribe live in bolan, dhaddar is completely dominated by baloch tribes lol . **

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Re: Barozai Afghans of Sibi and Dhadar

How different are Bloch and Pashtuns from each other ethnically?

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Re: Barozai Afghans of Sibi and Dhadar

I am not an expert on anthropology but generally speaking, big chunk of them are dravidians (their Brahui component), rest of the components are Indo-iranian balochis, African Mekranis, Jats and even Afghans. One can say , they are not homogeneous people and their nation consist of several ethncities which racially overlap with each other.

In manners and customs, and in looks, they resemble sindhis. Linguistically they are profiled Indo-iranian, but they are totally different from persians in culture, looks and manners. Those closest to Pashtuns, have borrowed some traits from them. For example many Balochs in Afghanistan are part of Afghan nomads called "kochis".

They resemble Sindhis and Punjabis (seraikis to be precise) the most, while with Pashtuns the least, culture and looks-wise

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Re: Barozai Afghans of Sibi and Dhadar

Who are Barozai? Are they Balochs?

In above post, "they are Dravidians" was it referring to Balochs?

Do they have distinctly different features from the rest of their surrounding people

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Re: Barozai Afghans of Sibi and Dhadar

I remember a discussion of this being told when i was younger. Apparently some Balochis are related to Kurds. This is all verbal however, so i cannot say for sure. The ones i have seen display distinctively Iranian features, and i would say they are different race to Pakhtuns who are also unique.