Ahmad Shah Durrani was attempting to form alliance of muslim central asian khanates and kazaks in order to mount military campaign against the Qing expansion into central asia. The powerful muslim ruler was upset at the murder of muslim saints, the kashghar khojas. According to the report of valikhanov, such central asian rulers as irdana of khokand and tashkent, fadil bi of khojent and uratepe, and a sultan of the kazaks, had earlier sent a letter to Ahmad Shah to ask him “to deliver the muslim world from attack of non-believers”. In the spring of 1763 were deployed in the area between khokand and Tashkent, and Ahmad shah dispatched letters to many leaders of islamic countries urging them to join in the holy war.According to valikhanov this provoked atleast one revolt in 1765 in a town called ush within kashgharia itself where mulsims had risen with expectation of receiving help from the wider muslim world.
This plan for a coordinated attack against Qing territory also appears in Russsian records. according to their reports , irdana had sent letter to kazak sultan, ablai, notifying him that Ahmad shah’s emissary has arrived in khokand with a message that Ahmad Shah has agreed to aid khokand in case of a Qing attack. A merchent from khojent who visited orenburg in january 1764 informed the Russians that Ahmad Shah has concentrated one hundred thousand troops to the north of kandahar in case of war against Qing.The Qing court received similar reports about such military movement in central asia.
Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia …
By Hodong Kim Holy War in China: The Muslim Rebellion and State in Chinese Central Asia … - Hodong Kim - Google Books
In kashghar troops were also ready for expedition against Afghanistan.
(The Empire And the Khanate: A Political History of Qing Relations with …
By L. J. Newby page 35)
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After his withdrawal from hindustan in the spring of 1761, the Afghan ruler was free to respond to Qing expansion. He sent a letter to the Qing court in 1762 demanding it withdraw from muslim territories, and, when this ultimatum was rejected, began to assemble a huge invasion force.
From Frontier Policy to Foreign Policy: The Question of India and the … - Matthew Mosca - Google Books
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Central asian and Qing sources that in late 1762, Ahmad shah of afghanistan sent an embasy to Beijing with a letter. The Afghan letter stated that “Maratha khan (probably the Maratha Peshwa) had amassed force of several hundred thousands troops to respond to his own seizure of Delhi. When they heard that he was approaching, however, they fled into the fortress of panipat. After six month siege, Ahmad shah defeated them, killing over a hundred thousand.”…This had overtones of a veiled threat.
From Frontier Policy to Foreign Policy: The Question of India and the … - Matthew Mosca - Google Books
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The Afghan envoy failed to make the good impression because he refuse to perform kowtow. The qianlong emperor dispatched a letter to afghan ruler instructing him on folly of war with the reminder that he, the qainlong emperor, is “lord of all under heaven who watches over every thing inside and outside the empire, and who rewards good and punishes evil”
The Empire And the Khanate: A Political History of Qing Relations With … - L. J. Newby - Google Books
Ahmad Shah of Afghanistan massed his troops and corresponded with other central asian rulers to raise a united resistance. These efforts came to naught When Qing appeared content to stop at pamirs. but Ahmad shah , in alliance with bukhara, invaded badakhshan, killing its ruler sultan shah for betraying buhan ud din and khoja jahan to the Qing and dispatched his head to the Qing authorities in Xinjiang.
Eurasian Crossroads: A History of Xinjiang - James A. Millward - Google Books
Xinjiang and China’s Rise in Central Asia - A History - Michael E. Clarke - Google Books
