In the name of Allah, the most Gracious, the most Merciful
><:><:><:>< :::::::: JEWISH & ISLAMIC SECTS :::::::: ><:><:><:><
It is commonly said that religions are more a cause of division than of unity, for mankind. It would therefore follow that if all religions are from One God, then surely He is to blame for the sorry state of our world? However, unsurprisingly, quite the opposite is true. God has always been a source of unity for man, and it is man that has repeatedly chosen to break away from this unity. The teachings of God has always provided a perfect guidance for a just and peaceful existence, when people estrange themselves from those teachings, the result is that they are no longer practised, and that is when true faith leaves the hearts of people. It is through God’s Mercy that He sends down reformers to re-establish the true faith in the earth, these reformers are invariably faced with opposition and enmity from those around them. History abounds with such examples. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (SA) among many of his prophesies has mentioned in one Hadith, a prophecy which many of us has seen fulfilled in our lifetime. Nearly 1400 years ago, our beloved Master prophesied:
Abdullah bin Amarra relates that the Holy Prophet (SA) said ‘Surely things will happen to my people as happened earlier to Israelites, they will resemble each other like one shoe in a pair resembles the other to the extent that if anyone among the Israelites has openly committed adultery to his mother there will be some who will do this in my Ummah as well, verily the Israelites were divided into 72 sects but my people will be divided into 73 sects, all of them will be in the fire except one.’ The companions asked. ‘Who are they O Messenger of Allah,’ Holy Prophet (pbuh) said. `They are those who will be like me and my companions.’ (Tirmidhi - Kitabul Eeman)
In this Hadith there are quite a few things to be noted. Firstly, it mentions the resemblance of the Muslim Ummah with the Israelites (i.e. Jews). In another Hadith (Abu Daud - Vol.2, pg.241) this resemblance is mentioned in the words that as among the Jews a prophet was raised in every century, among Muslims a reformer/Mujaddid will be raised and as among the Jews at the end of the chain of prophets a Messiah was raised a Messiah will be raised among the Muslims. Among Jews there were 12 tribes each divided into six sects making a total of 72 sects at the time when the Messiah Jesus (as) was sent to the Israelites. After the appearance of the Messiah among Jewish people the list of sects increased considerably. So while talking about 73 divisions among Muslims and taking into account the resemblance of the Muslim Ummah to the Jewish people mentioned in both of the above traditions, it appears that these two Ahadith relate to the time of the Messiah.
Authenticity of the Hadith
Other than Tirmidhi & Abu Daud, Ibn-e-Maja (Vol.1, pg.163) gives three independent narration of the same Hadith. Talking about the authenticity of this Hadith, Abu Mansur Abd al-Kahir ibn-Tahir Al-Baghdadi says there are many independent testimonies for the tradition dealing with the division of the community. A number of following companions have handed it down as coming from the Prophet (pbuh): Anas ibn-Malik, Abu-Hurairah, Abu-l-Darda, Jabir, Abu-Sa’id al-Khidri, Ubai ibn-Ka’b, Abd-Allah ibn-Amr ibn-al-‘As, abu-Imamah, Wathilah ibn-al-Aska’ and others. It is also handed down that the pious Caliphs mentioned that the community would be divided after them, that one sect only would save itself, and the rest of them would be given to error in this world, and to destruction in the next.
::::::::::::: Jewish Sects at the time of Jesus Christ :::::::::::::
1. Pharisees
2. Sadducees
3. Essenes/Ossenes
4. Party of Covanent
5. Karaites
6. Zealots
7. Therapeutae
8. Kabbalah
9. Qumranites
10. Hasmoneans
11. Amme ha’arez
12. Yahwists
13. Rechabites
14. Nazerites
15. Hellenists (Stephen)
16. Maccabees
17. Hasideans
18. Eleazarites
19. Hyrcanusites
20. Epicureans
21. Stoics
22. Pythagoreans
23. Zadokites
24. Enochites
25. Zakaites
26. Beth Hillel
27. Beth Shammai
28. Followers of Bar Cochba
29. Habakkukites
30. Ebionites
31. Levites
32. Ezekielites
33. Herodians
34. Scribes (Soferims)
35. Galileans
36. Hemerobaaptists
37. Baptists
38. Masbothei
39. Genistae
40. Meristae
41. Hellenians (Hellene)
42. Nasaraioi
43. Introversionists
44. Alexanderian Jews
45. Philos
46. Hezekiah
47. Josiah
48. Canaanites
49. Samaritans
50. Aaronides
51. Gnostic Jews of Qumran
52. Boethusians
53. Conversionists
54. Josianic Movement
55. Babylonian Jews
56. Elephantinites
57. Oniasites
58. Judeans
59. Ein Fashka
60. Antiochusians
61. Selecudians
62. Sicarii
63. Zedekiahs
64. Followers of Simon Bar Giora
65. Followers of John of Giscala
66. Followers of Simon Bar Kosiba
67. Patriarchate
68. Apocalypticians
69. Shabbatai - Zevi Movement
70. Adventists
71. Epiphanesians
72. Palestanian Jews
** Jewish Sects at the time of Jesus by Marcel Simon, translated into English by James H. Farley.
- Jewish Sectarianism in Second Temple Times by Lawrence H. Schiffman, in Great Schisms in Jewish History
- A Sectarian Analysis of the Damascus Document by John W. Martens, in Essays in the Social Scientific Study of Judaism and Jewish Society, edited by Simcha Fishbane, Jack N. Lightstone and Victor Levin.*
::::::::::::: Resemblance of the 72 to Jews in Their Beliefs ::::::::::::
According to the Hadith mentioned in the beginning, other than being 72 in number, this set will resemble Jews in their behaviour as one shoe in a pair resembles the other.
Jews of that time believed that a previous Israelite prophet Elijah (Ilyas, AS) had ascended to heaven in his chariot of fire and before the advent of the Messiah, he will descend from heavens in his chariot and prepare the grounds for the advent of Messiah and then the Messiah will appear. So when Jesus (AS) made a claim to Messiahship, they rejected him saying we did not see Elijah (Ilyas, AS) descending from heavens. When Jesus (AS), claimed that John the Baptist (Yahya, AS) is the Promised Elijah (Ilyas, AS), Jews insisted that he should have descended from heavens if he was Elijah (Ilyas, AS) and so they rejected both Jesus (AS) as well as John (Yahya, AS).
These 72 sects of Islam, at the time of the Promised Messiah (AS) without any exception held the belief that Jesus (AS) ascended to heavens with his body and soul and it would be the same Jesus (AS) who will return as the Messiah for the Muslim Ummah. They insist on seeing him descend from heavens with his hand on the wings of two angles on the white Minaret.
Just like the Muslims of the present times, the Jews of the time of Jesus (AS) were waiting for two figures to appear, a priestly Messiah (equivalent of Islamic Mahdi) and a worrier Messiah, a king who would come and deliver Israelite from the bondage of slavery.
Thus when Jesus (AS) preached peace and tolerance and non-violence, Jews mocked at him and rejected him. Today Muslim well aware of the mistakes Jews made, insist on the coming of a Mahdi (the guided one) for the religious reformation of the Ummah and a worrier Messiah. They await a Messiah whose sole job will be to lead Muslims in a holy war against all the other powers of the world and shed blood and kill Dajjal and that’s how, most of the Muslims of the present time believe, Messiah will save them.
::::::::::::: Name of the Sects in Islam and their Basic Beliefs ::::::::::::
1. Jarudiah:
Followers of Abu’l-Jarud. They believe Holy Prophet (pbuh) designated Al-Isa as the Imam by his characteristics but not by name.
2. Sulamania:
Followers of Sulaiman ibn-Jarir al-Zaidi. They believed Imamat was a matter of Jaririya conference and could be confirmed by two best Muslims.
3. Butriyah:
They did not dispute the Khilafat of Uthman (ra), neither they attack him nor Hurariyah praise him.
4. Yaqubiyya:
They accepted the Khilafat of Abu Bakr (ra) and Umar (ra), but did not reject those who rejected these Khulifaa. They also believed that Muslim commiters of Major sins will be in hell forever.
5. Hanafiyah:
Followers of the Imammate of Muhammad ibn-al-Hanifah. They believe that Allah might have had a beginning.
6. Karibiyah:
They believed that Imam Muhammad ibn-al-Hanifah is not dead and is the Imam Ghaib (in disappearance) and the expected Mahdi.
7. Kamiliyah:
Followers of Abu-Kamil. They believed companions to be heretic because they forsook their allegiance to Ali (ra) and condemn Ali (ra) for ceasing to fight them. They believed in the returning of the dead before the Day of Resurrection and that Satan is right in preferring fire to clay.
8. Muhammadiyyah:
Followers of Muhammad ibn-Abdullah ibn-al-Hassan. They do not believe/Mughairiyah that Imam Muhammad ibn-Abdullah died and that he is the Imam Ghaib and awaited Mahdi.
9. Baqiriyah:
Followers of Muhammad ibn-Ali al-Baqir. They believe him to be the Imam Ghaib and expected Mahdi.
10. Nadisiyah:
They believe that those who consider themselves better than anyone else are Kafirs (disbelievers).
11. Sha’iyah:
They believe that the one who has recited La Ilaha Il-Allah (there is none worthy of worship except Allah), whatever she or he does, will never be punished.
12. Ammaliyah:
They believe that faith for one is what he/she sincerely practices.
13. Ismailiyah:
They believe in the continuity of Imammate among the descendants of Ismail ibn-Ja’far.
14. Musawiyah:
They believe Musa ibn-Ja’far to be the Imam Ghaib and expected Mahdi / Mamturah.
15. Mubarakiyah:
They believe in the continuity of Imammate among the descendants of Muhammad ibn-Ismail ibn-Ja’far.
16. Kathiyah:
They believe that expected Mehdi will be twelveth Imam among the /Ithn Áshariya descendants of the Áli ibn-abi-Talib. (The Twelvers).
17. Hashamiya:
They Predicate a body to Allah and also allege Prophet (pbuh) of disobedience/ Taraqibiyah to Allah
18. Zarariyah:
They believe that Allah did not live nor had any attributes till He created for Himself life and His attributes.
19. Younasiyah:
Followers of Younas ibn-Ábd-al-Rahman al-Kummi. They believe that Allah is borne by the bearers of His Throne, though He is stronger than they are.
20. Shaitaniyah/Shireekiyah:
They believed in the view that deeds of servants of Allah are substances; and a servant of Allah can really produce a substance.
21. Azraqaih:
Followers of Nafi ibn-al-Azraq. They do not believe in the good dreams and visions and claim that all forms of revelations have ended.
22. Najadat:
Followers of Najdah ibn-Ámir al-Hanafi. They abolished the punishment of drinking wine also they believed that sinners of this sect would not be treated in hellfire but some other place before allowed in Paradise.
23. Sufriyah:
Followers of Ziyad ibn-al-Asfar. They believed that sinners are in fact polytheists.
24. Ajaridah:
Followers of Abd-al-Karim ibn-Ajrad. They believed that a child should be called to Islam after it has attained maturity. Also they believed booty of war to be unlawful till the owner is killed.
25. Khazimiyah:
They believe Allah loves men of all faiths even if one has been a disbeliever most of his life.
26. Shuaibiyah/Hujjatiyah:
They believed that what Allah desires does happen no matter what and what does not happen it means Allah desires it not.
27. Khalafiyah:
Followers of Khalaf. They do not believe in fighting except under the leadership of an Imam.
28. Ma’lumiyah/Majhuliah:
They believed that whoever did not recognise Allah by His names was ignorant of Him and anyone ignorant of Him was a disbeliever.
29. Saltiyah:
Followers of Salt ibn-Usman. They believed in the conversion of adults only and if father has converted to Islam children were considered disbelievers till they reach maturity.
30. Hamziyah:
Followers of Hamza ibn-Akrak. They believe that children of polytheists are condemned to hell.
31. Tha’libiyah:
Followers of Tha’labah ibn-Mashkan. They believe that parents remain guardians over their children of any age until children make it clear to parents that they are turning away from truth.
32. Ma’badiyah:
They did not believe in taking or giving alms from or to slaves.
33. Akhnasiyah:
They do not believe in waging a war except in defence or when the opponent is known personally.
34. Shaibaniyah/Mashbiyah:
Followers of Shaiban ibn-Salamah al-Khariji. They believe that Allah resembles His creatures.
35. Rashidiyah:
They believe that land watered by springs, canals or flowing rivers should pay half the Zakat (tithe), while land watered by rain only should pay he full Zakat.
36. Mukarramiyah/tehmiyah:
Followers of abu-Mukarram. They believe that ignorance constitutes as disbelief. Also that Allah enmity or friendship depends upon the state of a persons’ belief at his death.
37. Abadiyah/Afáliyah:
They consider Abdullah ibn-Ibad as their Imam. They believe in doing good deeds without the intention of pleasing Allah.
38. Hafsiyah:
Consider Hafs ibn-abi-l-mikdam as their Imam. They believe that only knowing Allah frees one from polytheism.
39. Harithiya:
Followers of Harith ibn-Mazid al-Ibadi. They believe that the ability precedes the deeds.
40. Ashab Ta’áh:
They believe that Allah can send a prophet without giving him any sign to prove his prophecy.
41. Shabibiyah/Salihiyah:
Followers of Shabib ibn-Yazid al-Shaibani. They believe in the Imamate of a woman named Ghazalah.
42. Wasiliyah:
Followers of Wasil ibn-'Ata al-Ghazza. They believe that does who commit major sins will be punished in hell but still remain believers.
43. Ámriyah:
Followers of Amir ibn-Ubaid ibn-Bab. They reject the legal testimony of people from supporters of either side of the battle of Camel.
44. Hudhailiyah/Faniya:
Followers of abu-al-Hudhail Muhammad ibn-al-Hudhail. They believe that both Hell and Paradise will perish and that preordination of Allah can cease, at which time Allah will no longer be omnipotent.
45. Nazzamiyah:
Followers of abu-Ishaq Ibrahim ibn-Saiyar. They do not believe in the miraculous nature of the Holy Quran nor do they believe in the miracles of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) like splitting the moon.
46. Mu’ammariyah:
They believe that Allah neither creates life nor death but it is an act of the nature of living body.
47. Bashriyah:
Followers of Bashr ibn-al-Mu’tamir. They believe that Allah may forgive a man his sins and may change His mind about this forgiveness and punish him if he is disobedient again.
48. Hishamiyah:
Followers of Hisham ibn-ämr al-Futi. They believe that if a Muslim community come to consensus it needs an Imam and if it rebels and kills its Imam, no one should be chosen an Imam during a rebellion.
49. Murdariyah:
Followers of Isa ibn-Sabih. They believe that staying in close communication with the Sultan (ruler) makes one unbeliever.
50. Ja’friyah:
Followers of Ja’far ibn-Harb and Ja’far ibn-Mubashshir. They believe that drinking raw wine is not punishable and that punishment of hell could be inferred by a mental process.
51. Iskafiyah:
Followers of Muhammad ibn-Abdallah al-Iskafi. They believe that Allah has power to oppress children and madman but not those who have their full senses.
52. Thamamiyah:
Followers of Thamamah ibn-Ashras al-Numairi. They believe that he whom Allah does not compel to know Him, is not compelled to know and is classed with animals who are not responsible.
53. Jahiziayh:
Followers of 'Ámr ibn-Bahr al-Jahiz. They believe that Allah is able to create a thing but unable to annihilate it.
54. Shahhamiyah/Sifatiyah:
Followers of abu-Yaqub al-Shahham. They believe that everything determined is determined by two determiners, one the creator and the other acquirer.
55. Khaiyatiyah/Makhluqiyah:
Followers of abu-al-Husain al-Khaiyat. They believe that everything non-existent is a body before it appears, like man before it is born is a body in non-existence. Also that every attribute becomes existent when it makes its appearance.
56. Ka’biyah:
Followers of abu-qasim Abdullah ibn-Ahmed ibn-Mahmud al-Banahi known as al-Ka’bi. They believe that Allah does not see Himself nor anyone else except in the sense that He knows himself and others.
57. Jubbaiyah:
Followers of abu-'Ali al-Jubbai. They believe that Allah obeys His servants when he fulfils their wish.
58. Bahshamiyah:
Followers of abu-Hashim. They believe that one, who desires to do a bad deed, though may not do it, commit infidelity and deserve punishment.
59. Ibriyah:
They believe that Holy Prophet (pbuh) was a wise man but not a prophet.
60. Zanadiqiyah:
They believe that the incident Miraj was a vision of the Holy prophet (pbuh) and that we can see Allah in this world.
61. Qabariyya:
They do not believe in the punishment of grave.
62. Hujjatiya:
They do not believe in the punishment for deeds on the grounds.
63. Fikriyya:
They believe that doing Dhikr and Fikr (Remembering and thinking about Allah) is better than worship.
64. 'Aliviyah/Ajariyah:
They believe that Hazrat Ali shared Prophethood with Mohammad (pbuh)
65. Tanasikhiya:
They believe in the re-incarnation of soul.
66. Rajiýah:
They believe that Hazrat Ali ibn-abi-Talib will return to this world.
67. Ahadiyah:
They believe in the Fardh (obligations) in faith but deny the Sunnah.
68. Radeediyah:
They believe that this world will live forever.
69. Satbiriyah:
They do not believe in the acceptance of repentance.
70. Lafziyah:
They believe that Quran is not the word of God but only its meaning and essence is the word of God. Words of Quran are just the words of the narrator.
71. Ashariyah:
They believe that Qiyas (taking a guess) is wrong and amounts to disbelief.
72. Bada’iyah:
They believe that obedience to Ameer is obligatory no matter what he commands.
**Islamic Encyclopaedia published by Munshi Mehboob ‘Alim’ (editor Newspaper Paisa, Lahore, Pakistan). Page 570-572.
*Al-Farq Bain Al Firaq, by Abu Mansur 'abd-al-Kahir ibn-Tahir al-Baghdadi, Translated into English by Kate Chambers Seelye, (AMS Press, NewYork 1996)
Kitab Lajawaab Masmay ba-Mazhab al-Islam by Hakeem Maulvi Muhammad Najam al-Ghani Rampuri, 1st edition, (Munshi Nau Lakshoor Lakhnau 1924).
73. Ahmadiyya:
The followers of Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmed of Qadian (as). (1835 to 1908)
They believe that he is THE PROMISED MESSIAH and IMAM MEHDI.
They believe in the FINALITY OF PROPHETHOOD OF THE HOLY PROPHET (pbuh) and that he was the SEAL of the all the Prophets.
They believe that the Jesus Christ was NOT CRUCIFIED but DIED a natural death.
::::::::::::: Literal Fulfillment of Prophecy: Existence of 73 Sections ::::::::::::
Having mentioned the resemblance of his Ummah with Jews, and division of the Ummah into 73 sections, Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) mentions that all will be in fire except one. Meaning 72 sects will be in fire while one will be safe. When asked who the safe ones will be, Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) replied “They are those who will be like me and my companions” indicating that remaining 72 will resemble Israelites while only one will resemble him and his companions. Having said that we have to understand that there ought to be a way to separate one Jama’at from 72. Thus there should be some method by which two sets of sections among Muslim Ummah will be formed and in one set there will be only one Jama’at (to which Holy Prophet, peace be upon him, referred to as resembling him and his companions) while the other set will contain 72 sects which will resemble Jews. To go any further we have to establish here three things.
Firstly that there were at one time 73 sections of Muslims.
Secondly they formed two sets on containing one Jama’at and the other one containing 72 sects.
Thirdly the set containing one Jama’at consisted of the followers of a claimant of Messiahship. The third condition has to be fulfilled because, we are referring to the time of the Promised Messiah (AS), only the followers of Messiah can form a Jama’at which resembles Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) and his companions (RA). To establish that the above mentioned three conditions were fulfilled, following are the translations of newspapers.
An editorial published in Urdu in Pakistani daily newspaper “Nawai Waqt” (10th Oct. 1974, pg.4)
“One of the special importance of this decision has been that on it the consensus of Ummah has been in substantially correct manner. Throughout the history of Islam, such an overwhelming complete consensus has never been reached on any important topic. Other than the big religious scholars, holders of Shar’a, all the political leaders and political leaders of each group have agreed on this consensus. Other than these, all sufia karam, aarifeen Billah, the leaders of Tassawaf and practices had complete agreement. Excluding Qadianis all the rest of 72 sects, which are considered, to be of Muslims, agreed and are happy on the solution of this affair. Among the leaders of the nation and a’maideen, there does not appear to be any group which does not have a joyous attitude towards this decision. Nation should take a notice of this.”
And that was not the only newspaper, which testified the number to be 72 following is another testimony of an English newspaper published from U.K. “The Guardian” (9th Sept. 1974)
“By a constitutional amendment the National Assembly has stripped half a million members of the Ahmadiyya community of their religious status as Moslems. The excommunication of such a large number claiming to be Moslems by a political institution is a unique event in the 1400 years of the history of Islam. The burden of taking the measure fell on the National Assembly because Islam rejects priesthood and the Moslems, although divided into 72 sects, do not have a church or a pope. Religious edicts handed down by muftis or religious scholars are not binding on any individual or body of Moslems.”
Clearly, according to these newspapers there existed 73 sections in Islam, one Jama’at-e-Ahmadiyya and the rest of the 72. The rest of the 72 sects were unanimous and happy and formed a party (a set) excluding the one (the other set) from Islam. Although they all had fatwas declaring one another to be kafirs, when it came to the question of Ahmadi Muslims they were all united so that there remains no doubt as to the identity of 72 and one making a total of 73. I have already established that Jews had 72 sects at the time of Messiah, so this hadith would be reflecting the time of Messiah among Muslim Ummah, which all Muslims today believe is also the time of the appearance of the Mahdi.
It will appropriate to leave unto the readers, who may see the resemblance of one Jama’at (out of 73 Sects of Muslims) with the Holy Prophet (pbuh) and his companions, with some Ahadith of the holy Prophet (pbuh) to ponder over.
::::: The Holy prophet (pbuh) is reported to have said ::::
… ‘One who dies without accepting the Imam (Appointed by Allah) of the time, his death is a death in disbelief’.
(Masnad Ahmad ibnHanble - Vol.4, pg.96)
Regarding Imam Mahdi and Messiah our beloved Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) said;
… ‘When you see him (Imam Mahdi) then certainly perform Bait to him even if you have to crawl over your knees through the mountains of snow because he (Imam Mahdi) will be the Khalifa of God’.
(Biharul Anwaar - Vol.13, pg.17)
… “One who obeyed Imam Mahdi obeyed me, one who disobeyed him disobeyed me”
… ‘One who rejected Imam Mahdi, he did Kufr’.
(Hajj Al-Kiramah - pg.351 / Lawaih Al-Anwaar Al-Baheema - Vol.2, pg.88)
::::::::::::: Opinions of Some Muslim Saints :::::::::::::
Now I would like to present a few quotations from the writings and utterance of a few Muslim saints reflecting on the practices and the name of the Jama’at of the followers of Mahdi and Messiah.
** Hadhrat Ali (ra) said:**
*… “Mahdi Maoud will be colored with the glory of Muhammadiyya and will have the wealth of Ahmadia”.
** Hadhrat Muhammad bin Faris Misri wrote:**
… “Our scholar will be prophet and from among those who call towards the truth he will have the station of messengership and our A’arif will be in the period of Ahmadi, will be from among oolulazm (those who have strong determination) and will receive greatness”.
** Hadhrat Mujaddid Alif Thani wrote:**
… “Around one thousand and some years after the sad demise of the Holy Prophet (sa), the Haqeeqate (truth) Muhammadiyya will ascend from its station and will unite with the place of Haqeeqate Ka’aba. At that time Haqeeqate Muhammadi (Muhammadi Truth) will be called Haqeeqate Ahmadi (Ahmadi Truth)”.
** Hadhrat Imam Ali Al-Qari wrote:**
… “So among seventy three sects all of them will be in fire and the firqah najiyya (sect deserving paradise) will be the one among ahle sunna (Sunnis) which will have the glory of Muhammadiyya and will be following the holy Tareeqatul (practices of) Ahmadiyya”.
Hadhrat Abdur Raheem Grohri wrote:
… “Hadhrat Mahdi Maoud has the Muhammadi appearance and will descend like a leader, he will have a mole near one of his eyes. He will re-establish din-e Ahmadi (the Ahmadi practices), our sahib will be bright like the sun and beloved of all. He will be learned, wise, king of wisdom and an eternal saint. O mir Muhammad Sahah! Mahdi will be decorated with the turban of prophethood”.
All the above Muslim saints and Sufis understood that at the time of Mahdi, Tareeqatul Ahmadiyya will be re-established and thus the followers of the true Mahdi will be practicing the Ahmadiyya Glory of Islam or will be called Ahmadiyya firqah.
At the end, I hope and pray that the reader may benefit and ask God almighty for His guidance.
:::::::::::::: xoxoxoxoxoxoxox ::::::::::::::
[This message has been edited by Zalim (edited 11-19-98).]
