All the tricks of the trade
Accusations of dirty deeds are flying thick and fast in the run up to the Pakistan election, writes Rory McCarthy
Rory McCarthy in Lahore
Friday September 20, 2002
As campaigning begins for Pakistan’s first elections since the military seized power in a coup three years ago a serious dispute is breaking out over allegations of early vote manipulation.
Many opposition parties, government bureaucrats and journalists say General Pervez Musharraf’s military regime is trying desperately to build up support for the pro-government party for the October 10 elections by unfair means.
The main pro-Musharraf party is a faction of the last ruling party, the Pakistan Muslim League, which is known as the Quaid-i-Azam (QA) group, named after Pakistan’s founder Mohammad Ali Jinnah who is known as the Father of the Nation, or the Quaid-i-Azam.
One of the strongest complaints has come from local councillors who say they are being forced to back QA candidates in their areas. The councillors were elected in what were supposed to be non-party polls under wide-reaching local government reforms last year.
Shah Mahmood Qureshi was elected the nazim, or lead councillor, in Multan, a town deep in the fertile plains of the Punjab. Although Mr Qureshi had been a government minister under Benazir Bhutto, an opponent of the military, he soon became a favourite of the regime because of his eloquent support for the local government reforms. Last December he became the only councillor ever invited to address top-ranking army officers at the prestigious National Defence College in Quetta.
When in April General Musharraf held a referendum to endorse his position as president, the regime told nazims like Mr Qureshi to back the Yes vote and to release development funds for the campaign. “They wanted me to release funds to get people out to vote. But I told them I am bound by a budget and I have no authority to make ad hoc changes to it,” he said. “I was no longer very popular.”
Senior provincial leaders from the bureaucracy and the police suddenly stopped inviting him to their regular meetings with councillors and other nazims in his area. He was then reprimanded for misconduct after making a private three-day visit to Dubai, even though he paid for the trip himself. The case was later dropped.
After the referendum the pressure continued and councillors were told to back the local QA candidates as they prepared for the general elections.
“The authorities wanted nazims to be more inclined towards the PML QA. The impression that was being created was that this is the ticket to victory and that if you are on this platform you are made,” he said. Again he refused. “I firmly believe the nazims were supposed to be non-political,” he added. Eventually he resigned his post last month and will now contest as a candidate for Ms Bhutto’s Pakistan People’s Party in the elections.
In an interview last week Mian Mohammad Azhar, the head of the QA, argued that nazims like Mr Qureshi should be allowed to take part in electioneering. But critics say all the nazims know their power came from the military government and they feel under pressure to support the military’s favoured party now.
“The nazims are part and parcel of politics,” Mr Azhar said. “They are all political people and thus should be permitted to participate in the ongoing election activities of the parties with which they are affiliated.”
He denied his party was receiving unfair support from the machinery of state. In the face of mounting criticism of the credibility of the election campaign Pakistan’s Chief Election Commissioner said this week any nazims or government bureaucrats found supporting political parties faced two years in jail.