Oh, I'm so excited - I get to be the expert in a food thread here for once!
There is no equivalent to biryani because Americans are so ethnically diverse, food is very regional and favorite dishes are quite seasonal. In the summer, at everyone gets excited about the steak or hamburgers at a bbq, at Thanksgiving, its all about the turkey. Some families have ethnic culinary traditions - Italian-Americans and the 12 course Christmas eve dinner, or Polish-Americans and pierogies, for example.
Meatloaf is a home food, not usually served to guests, and lasagne is a lazy extra or a potluck/buffet favorite - nothing to get excited about.