Re: various ‘schools’ of thought in Islam
Brother, you are wrong. I think, I know my aqeedah better than you. 
Sunnis (i am not talking about Deobandies or Wahabis) believe that Allah is present everywhere. Even though I am not here to argue, explain or proof anything, since you asked, I am giving you a short argument regarding our (Sunni … rather, Muslim’s) belief.
We believe that material world is illusion with space, time and distance as components. In real or spiritual world, space or distance do not exists as we perceive. Existence of Allah is not material nor his presence is material, and thus he is present everywhere as he himself mentioned at various places in Quran.
Quran Ayah 2:115 tells that clearly, in whichever direction one sees, presence of Allah would be there.
Quran 2:115 (Yusuf Ali): To Allah belong the east and the West: Whithersoever ye turn, there is the presence of Allah. For Allah is all-Pervading, all-Knowing.
[It literally means, in whatever direction … that is, east, west, north, south, right, left, front, back, up, down, in, out … whatever direction one turns, we will see Allah is present (or, our face would be in front of Allah) … and this is not dependent on where we stand … that means, presence of Allah is everywhere]
Though one cannot give similitude of Allah, one can give close similitude of Allah with time itself. In this material world, time is present everywhere, and as it is not material thing, one cannot say that time is in or out of anything, rather it engulfs everything.
On the other hand, if one believes that Allah is not everywhere than the person is committing Shrik, rather, could not be even Muslim.
Reason is simple, that is, if Allah is not present everywhere than Allah with perimeter (a body) is present at one place and not present at other place. If that is the case then Allah is sharing space with whoever is present where Allah is not present, and that is shirk, as it would mean, Allah shares something with others, even if that is space.
Another thing is that, if Allah is not everywhere than Allah would be at some place. That some place would have direction and that direction could be up or down, right or left, and so on … and as those who have this deviant belief thinks that Allah is above us, than it means Allah is below those who are on other side of the earth (opposite to us). For instance, if Allah is above Saudi Arabia than Allah would be below California, and as world is round and rotating all the time, the position would change in 12 hours, that is, Allah would be below Saudi Arabia and above California, and in middle hours, direction where is Allah would keep changing. This belief is ridiculous and against Quran as well as all logic.
Actually, only those people believe that Allah is not everywhere, who believe that Allah has body parts, and thus need space to exist and is confined in space. Obviously, to exists at one place and not at other place means, Allah having perimeter confined in space, where at one place Allah is there and at other place Allah is not there. Things that has perimeter needs space to exist, and that means, space was before Allah and is not creation of Allah. Only a non-Muslim would believe that, as it would mean, Allah not only depend on space, but is not creator of space.
Another thing is that, Allah having perimeter of his own, believe that Allah moves or change position becomes real, because there is space bigger than Allah and Allah changing position in space can be acceptable. It also shows that Allah with perimeter depends on space to move, hence existence of Allah is dependent on space … when we Muslims believe that Allah do not depends on anything.
So on …