Re: Ruling image of Islam
It is wrong assumption that Islam is portrayed by true Muslim scholars or any fiqh as ruling religion or assumes that Muslims are born to rule the world.
Islam (as well as Quran) does not justify forced rule over any non-Muslim area, any non-Muslims, aggressive Jihad, or encourages forces conversion of non-Muslims.
If Islam was using forces conversion in conquered areas, than India today would have been Muslim majority. Even if forces conversion was not adopted, rather encouragement of conversion with incentive was adopted than also India would have been Muslims majority, as lower caste would have easily accepted Islam. Surprisingly, in India, it was not lower caste but in most cases upper caste Hindus adopted Islam, and that shows no forced or encouraged conversion.
As for why Islam (or Islamic literature) does not talk about Muslims living as minority, then there is reason for it.
In Islam, there is no concept of boundary, son of soil, or belonging to a country. All these concepts are un-Islamic (in ideal situation). That means, if there is an area where Islam is ruling religion, then it becomes incumbent for Muslims to migrate to that area and live under Islamic rule (obviously, if that is practically possible). Similarly, it becomes incumbent for Muslims of that area to accept Muslims from other areas to live with them as equal citizen of that area without any discrimination (obviously, if that is practically possible).
First Muslim state came into existence was Madina, 13 years after Prophet (SAW) started preaching Islam. Once this Muslim state came into existence, it became incumbent for Muslims to migrate there and fight to keep that state Islamic. With time, boundary of Islamic state increased, and that mean, no concept for Muslims living in non-Islamic state.
With existence of Islamic state, and obligation to migrate there for any Muslim living outside Islamic state, and obligation for Muslims of Islamic state to welcome migrating Muslims as equal citizen of that Islamic state to live there without any discrimination, there was no need to think about Muslims living in non-Islamic state as Minority, hence no work on this situation (on situation that Muslims living in un-Islamic state under non-Islamic rule as Minority).
Actually, it was first time when India came under British rule that large number of Muslims started living in state ruled by non-Muslims, and worse situation is today, when due to financial or whatever selfish reasons, Muslims are migrating to non-Muslim states (Christian west) to live (that is completely against Islam and against instructions of Allah to Muslims in Quran).