Re: Rishwat
Munza - I don't think a lot has changed in pakistan in the last 20 years esp in the public /govt sector.
Both my parents served in the govt jobs in punjab and the practice of rishwat was/is present from govt hospitals to railraods and highway depts.
The private sector is getting better. Automated processes and practices are responsible for it because it takes the middle men out.
10 years ago my husband's team was asked to create an online application for ticketing for Pakistan railways. The govt was against the project from the get go. In the middle they wanted a urdu interface. The team even worked around that and deliver but the govt wouldn't put it into place because it takes the all the rishwat for ticketing out of the picture.
Till this day - all accounting, pricing and ticketing is done manually, tickets are sold in black and money is handled so the employees are allowed to get their "cut" up front.