Re: Internal Debts Vs External Debts OF Pakistan
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/tu.html
**Economy Turkey Top of Page **
Economy - overview:
Turkey’s dynamic economy is a complex mix of modern industry and commerce along with a traditional agriculture sector that in 2004 still accounted for more than 34% of employment. It has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in basic industry, banking, transport, and communication. The largest industrial sector is textiles and clothing, which accounts for one-third of industrial employment; it faces stiff competition in international markets with the end of the global quota system. However, other sectors, notably the automotive and electronics industries, are rising in importance within Turkey’s export mix. Real GNP growth has exceeded 6% in many years, but this strong expansion has been interrupted by sharp declines in output in 1994, 1999, and 2001. The economy is turning around with the implementation of economic reforms, and 2004 GDP growth reached 9%. Inflation fell to 7.7% in 2005 - a 30-year low. Despite these strong economic gains in 2002-05, which were largely due to renewed investor interest in emerging markets, IMF backing, and tighter fiscal policy, the economy is still burdened by a high current account deficit and high debt. The public sector fiscal deficit exceeds 6% of GDP - due in large part to high interest payments, which accounted for about 37% of central government spending in 2004. Prior to 2005, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey averaged less than $1 billion annually, but further economic and judicial reforms and prospective EU membership are expected to boost FDI. Privatization sales are currently approaching $21 billion.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$551.6 billion (2005 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$344.8 billion (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
5.1% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $7,900 (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 11.7%
industry: 29.8%
services: 58.5% (2005 est.)
Labor force:
24.7 million
note: about 1.2 million Turks work abroad (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 35.9%, industry 22.8%, services 41.2% (3rd quarter, 2004)
Unemployment rate:
10% (plus underemployment of 4.0%) (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
20% (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 30.7% (2000)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
42 (2003)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
7.7% (2005 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
19.3% of GDP (2005 est.)
Budget:
***revenues: $93.58 billion ***
***expenditures: $115.3 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2005 est.) ***
***Public debt: ***
***67.5% of GDP (2005 est.) ***
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/my.html
**Economy Malaysia Top of Page **
Economy - overview:
Malaysia, a middle-income country, transformed itself from 1971 through the late 1990’s from a producer of raw materials into an emerging multi-sector economy. Growth was almost exclusively driven by exports - particularly of electronics. As a result, Malaysia was hard hit by the global economic downturn and the slump in the information technology (IT) sector in 2001 and 2002. GDP in 2001 grew only 0.5% because of an estimated 11% contraction in exports, but a substantial fiscal stimulus package equal to US $1.9 billion mitigated the worst of the recession, and the economy rebounded in 2002 with a 4.1% increase. The economy grew 4.9% in 2003, notwithstanding a difficult first half, when external pressures from SARS and the Iraq War led to caution in the business community. Growth topped 7% in 2004 and 5% in 2005. Healthy foreign exchange reserves, low inflation, and a small external debt are all strengths that make it unlikely that Malaysia will experience a financial crisis over the near term similar to the one in 1997. The economy remains dependent on continued growth in the US, China, and Japan, top export destinations and key sources of foreign investment.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$248 billion (2005 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$124.1 billion (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
5.1% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $10,400 (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 7.2%
industry: 33.3%
services: 59.5% (2005 est.)
Labor force:
10.67 million (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 14.5%, industry 36%, services 49.5% (2000 est.)
Unemployment rate:
3.6% (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
8% (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 1.4%
highest 10%: 39.2% (2003 est.)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
49.2 (1997)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
2.9% (2005 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
20.3% of GDP (2005 est.)
***Budget: ***
***revenues: $30.57 billion ***
***expenditures: $34.62 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.4 billion (2005 est.) ***
***Public debt: ***
***48.3% of GDP (2005 est.) ***
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/pk.html
**Economy Pakistan Top of Page **
Economy - overview:
Pakistan, an impoverished and underdeveloped country, has suffered from decades of internal political disputes, low levels of foreign investment, and a costly, ongoing confrontation with neighboring India. However, IMF-approved government policies, bolstered by generous foreign assistance and renewed access to global markets since 2001, have generated solid macroeconomic recovery the last four years. The government has made substantial macroeconomic reforms since 2000, although progress on more politically sensitive reforms has slowed. For example, in the budget for fiscal year 2006, Islamabad did not impose taxes on the agriculture or real estate sectors, despite Pakistan’s chronically low tax-to-GDP ratio. While long-term prospects remain uncertain, given Pakistan’s low level of development, medium-term prospects for job creation and poverty reduction are the best in more than a decade. Islamabad has raised development spending from about 2% of GDP in the 1990s to 4% in 2003, a necessary step towards reversing the broad underdevelopment of its social sector. GDP growth, spurred by double-digit gains in industrial production over the past year, has become less dependent on agriculture, and remained above 7% in 2004 and 2005. Inflation remains the biggest threat to the economy, jumping to more than 9% in 2005. The World Bank and Asian Development Bank announced that they would provide US $1 billion each in aid to help Pakistan rebuild areas hit by the October 2005 earthquake in Kashmir. Foreign exchange reserves continued to reach new levels in 2005, supported by steady worker remittances.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
$385.2 billion (2005 est.)
GDP (official exchange rate):
$92.2 billion (2005 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
8.4% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita:
purchasing power parity - $2,400 (2005 est.)
GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 21.6%
industry: 25.1%
services: 53.3% (2005 est.)
Labor force:
46.84 million
note: extensive export of labor, mostly to the Middle East, and use of child labor (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
agriculture 42%, industry 20%, services 38% (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate:
6.6% plus substantial underemployment (2005 est.)
Population below poverty line:
32% (FY00/01 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 27.6% (FY96/97)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
41 (FY98/99)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
9.2% (2005 est.)
Investment (gross fixed):
15.3% of GDP (2005 est.)
***Budget: ***
***revenues: $15.45 billion ***
***expenditures: $18.42 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2005 est.) ***
***Public debt: ***
***54.3% of GDP (2005 est.) ***
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A Breif Comparison B/w Turkey , Malaysia and Pakistan
Turkey
Budget:
***revenues: $93.58 billion ***
***expenditures: $115.3 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2005 est.) ***
***Public debt: ***
***67.5% of GDP (2005 est.) ***
Malaysia
**Budget: **
**revenues: $30.57 billion **
**expenditures: $34.62 billion, including capital expenditures of $9.4 billion (2005 est.) **
**Public debt: **
48.3% of GDP (2005 est)
Pakistan
**Budget: **
**revenues: $15.45 billion **
**expenditures: $18.42 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2005 est.) **
**Public debt: **
**54.3% of GDP (2005 est.) **
Which is better?
Pakistan
Turkey
Makysia
oh yea you said Argentina do not pay debtserving …n i opened your eyes even then you didn’t respond to that
Can you throw light also on How Malaysia 's growth- immemse growth was possible under Mahatir bin Mohammad’s rule and in just 20 years he changed the fate of country ?