Re: History Mystery 4- Paki rana
In
the 10th century, native people replaced the Arab
rule in Sindh. Samma and Soomra dynasties ruled
Sindh for long. These dynasties produced some
rulers who obtained fame due to judicious
dispensation and good administration.
Sindh was partially independent and the scene of
great disorders till late in the sixteenth century
when it failed into the hands of Emperor Akbar,
and for a hundred and fifty years the chiefs paid
tribute, but only as often as they were compelled
to do so, to the Emperor at Delhi. Later the
Kalhora clan claiming descent from the house of
Abbas and long settled in Sindh produced religious
leaders of whom Main Adam Shah attained prominence
in the 16th century. His descendants continued to
gather large following and this enabled them to
capture political power in the north western Sindh
under the leadership of Mian Nasir Muhammad. This
happened in the 2nd half of the 17th century. By
the turn of that century, foundations of the
Kalhora power were firmly laid in the northern
Sindh under the leadership of Mian Yar Mohammad.
During the reign of his son, Mian Noor Muhammad,
lower Sindh with Thatta as its capital came under
the Kalhora administration (1150 A.H).
Under the banner of Mir Fateh Ali Khan Talpur, the
Balochis defeated the last Kalhora ruler Mian
Abdul Nabi in the battle of Halani in 1782 AD.
Talpur Amirs regained the parts of Sindh (Karachi,
Khairpur, Sabzal Kot and Umar Kot) which the last
Kalhora chief had conceded to the neighboring
rulers. By eliminating the foreign interference,
which had plagued the Kalhora rule, and by their
essentially democratic way of governance, the
Talpurs were able to take the people into
confidence and thus achieved
Great many things within a short period of 60
years. They built up an excellent system of forts
and outposts guarding the frontiers, extended the
irrigation system, encouraged scholarly pursuits
and educational institutions, and promoted trade
and commerce internally as well as with the
neighboring countries.