Re: Heroes of Bangladesh ( Must read )
How does an 'islamic bank' make a profit off of a loan if it expects the borrower to only pay back the amount it lent?
Also, as you yourself have defined riba as any loan from which profit is made, how is the 'islamic bank', which makes a profit off of lending money, not committing riba?
Islamic banks never claim back more of a loan that they lend. They never make any profit from any money that they lend. They make money through other means, such as buying at one price and selling at a higher price, which is halal.
A 2-part crude example is:
Your friend is selling a camel for $80. You and I both want the camel. We both have exactly $80 in our wallets.
You offer your friend $80.
I promise to buy it from him for $100. I tell him that I can only give $80 today, but I'll come back tomorrow and give him the other $20 to make the full $100. Once I've finished paying him, he'll give me the camel.
On the other hand, you unfortunately have to leave town tonight and will not be able to come back tomorrow to your friend with any additional money
Is it haraam for him to agree to sell to me? Is it haraam for us to sign a contract saying that he is selling me the camel for $100, $80 to be paid today and $20 to be paid tomorrow, and that once he's received all the money the camel will belong to me? Of course it is not haraam, it is a simple merchant deal.
That example doesn't involve the bank. The next one does.
What if your friend wants to sell his house, for $200,000. You want to buy his house, but you don't have $200,000 in your pocket to pay to him.
We can both agree that it would be haraam for the bank to lend you $200,000 today to pay to your friend to buy the house, and for the bank to then demand you pay back more than $200,000. The bank would have made profit on a loan, thus charged riba.
However, what if the bank buys the house for itself. It pays your friend $200,000 and becomes the owner. The bank then tell you that it understands you don't have enough money to buy the house, since you don't have $200,000 in your pocket today. But it is willing to sell you the house for $300,000, with you paying $1000 each month to the bank for 25 years. Once you've finished handing over the agreed price for the house, it's yours.
In this case, the bank never lent anyone any money at all. No money was lent at all, so no profit was made on a loan, so there was no possibility of riba. The bank bought a house for itself at one price and sold it to you for a higher price. You simply agreed that instead of paying all of the agreed price today, you'd hand over a little bit of money each month.
So without lending you any money, the bank just made $100,000.