Different types of ablution - wudhu, ghusl, tayammum

[Sadiyah]

Re: Different types of ablution - wudhu, ghusl, tayammum

Description of Tayammum:

 Praise be to Allaah.   

Al-Bukhaari and Muslim narrated the hadeeth of ‘Ammaar ibn Yaasir describing tayammum. Al-Bukhaari narrated it in a number of places in his Saheeh. One of these reports (no. 347; 1/455 of Fath al-Baari) says: “ ‘It would have been sufficient for you to do this’ – then he struck the palms of his hands on the ground, then dusted them off, then wiped the back of each hand with the other, then he wiped his face with his hands.” 

Abu Dawood (317; 1/515 of ‘Awn al-Ma’bood) narrated it with the same isnaad as al-Bukhaari, apart from the shaykh of al-Bukhaari (Muhammad ibn Salaam), instead of whom he mentioned Muhammad ibn Sulaymaan al-Anbaari, of whom al-Haafiz said in al-Taqreeb (2/167): he is sadooq (truthful). This version of the report says: “He struck his hands on the ground and dusted them off, then he struck his right hand with his left hand, and his left hand with his right hand, then he wiped his face.” 

Al-Haafiz mentioned in al-Fath (1/457) that al-Ismaa’ee’li narrated it with the wording: “It would have been sufficient for you to strike your hands on the ground, then dust them off, then wipe your right hand over your left and your left hand over your right, then wipe your face.” 

Al-Shanqeeti said in Adwa’ al-Bayaan (2/43): “This hadeeth of al-Bukhaari states that the hands should be wiped before the face.” 

Shaykh al-Islam said in al-Fataawa (21/423): “The report of al-Bukhaari clearly shows that the back of the hand should be wiped before the face. The fact that in another report he said ‘the back of the hand’ indicates that he wiped the back of each with the palm of the other.” He also said (21/425:  “But the report which was narrated only by al-Bukhaari shows that he wiped the backs of the hands before the face.”

(See al-Fataawa, 21/422-427) 

Based on this, the way in which tayammum is done is to say Bismillaah with the intention of doing tayammum, then strike the ground once with the palms of the hands, then wipe the back of the right hand with the palm of the left, and the back of the left hand with the palm of the right, then wipe the face with both hands. Then the same du’aa’s that are recited after wudoo’ should be recited after tayammum. And Allaah knows best. 

May Allaah bless our Prophet Muhammad.

Ref: Description of tayammum

Conditions for tayammum:

 What we have said about wudoo’ applies also to ghusl. You have to wash your body and whatever you can of your face, as well as doing tayammum. 

It says in Zaad al-Mustaqni’: Whoever has been wounded may do tayammum for that part, and wash the rest. End quote. 

i.e., if a person has been wounded and cannot wash the site of the wound, then he should do tayammum for that, and wash the rest of his body that is healthy. 

The basic principle concerning that is that if a person is wounded or burned in a part of the body that is washed in wudoo’, or has some sickness there, such cases fall into four categories: 

1 – When it is uncovered and washing it will not harm it. In that case it is obligatory to wash it.

2 – When it is uncovered and washing it will harm it but wiping it will not. In that case he must wipe over it.

3 – When it is uncovered and both washing and wiping will harm it. In that case he should do tayammum for that part, and wash the other parts.

4 – When it is covered with a dressing etc that is essential. In that case he should wipe over the covering, and do the rest of his wudoo’, and not do tayammum. 

Fataawa Arkaan al-Islam by Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen, p. 234. 

Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked about a person who did wudoo’ but his hand was injured and could not be washed with water, and he forgot to do tayammum for it and prayed. He said: If there is a wound in one of the places that must be washed in wudoo’, that cannot be washed or wiped because that will lead to the injury being made worse or a delay in recovery, then this person must do tayammum. If a person does wudoo’ and misses a spot because of a wound, and starts to pray, then during the prayer he remembers that he did not do tayammum, then he should do tayammum and repeat his prayer, because what he did of prayer before doing tayammum is not valid… End quote from Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn Baaz, 10/197. 

Ref: He is suffering from a skin disease on his lips – how should he do wudoo’?