Balochistan got complete Independence from British on August 11th 1947

[Mir_Baloch]

Re: Balochistan got complete Independence from British on August 11th 1947

@marwati

(A member on defence.pk wrote this article).
…

Some Historical Inaccuracies !

I’m writing this post to try to dispel some of the historical & anthropological inaccuracies that have crept up about Baluchistan :

**Inaccuracy Number (1)

Before joining Pakistan, Baluchistan in general (& the Kalat State in particular) was a sovereign independent country ! **

The Imperial Gazetteer of India states as thus : The rulers of Kalat were never fully independent. There was always, as there is still, a paramount power to whom they were subject. In the earliest times they were merely petty chiefs; later they bowed to the orders of the Mughal emperors of Delhi and to the rulers of Kandahar, and supplied men-at-arms on demand. Most peremptory orders from the Afghan rulers to their vassals of Kalat are still extant, and the pre-dominance of the Sadozais and Barakzais was acknowledged so late as 1838. It was not until the time of Nasir Khan I [1750-1] that the titles of Beglar Begi (Chief of Chiefs) and Wali-i-Kalat (Governor of Kalat) were conferred on the Kalat ruler by the Afghan kings ! 1

Furthermore the British Government had not granted Provincial Status to Baluchistan but had instead divided it into ‘British Baluchistan’ & ‘Agencies’ in the following manner :

(1) British Baluchistan consisted of territories obtained by treaty or conquered or obtained on lease from the Khan of Kalat. 2

(2) Baluchistan Agencies included the states of Kalat, Las Bela, Kharan & the Tribal Areas of Marris, Bugtis, Megals & Others. The British Political Agent dealt with these states & tribes. 3

Additionally until quite recently Baluchistan was divided into ‘B’ Areas & Quetta & this had continued since British Times.4

Thus it is quite self-evident that the Administrative Structure of Baluchistan was not modeled around it being a sovereign & independent state but rather a patchwork of autonomous & directly administered regions under the patronage of the British Government. And so in all fairness the The founder of the Baluchistan Province as it now exists was (a British Indian Officer & Administer by the name of) *Sir Robert Sandeman *5 who dealt with the Baluch Tribes & the States with admirable tact.

**Inaccuracy Number (2)
**
**Baluchistan was forcibly annexed & made a part of Pakistan ! **

*On June 29, 1947, the Shahi Jirga of the British Balochistan (as a consultative/representative body of the
AGG) along with the elected members of Quetta municipal body, unanimously passed a resolution of forming part of Pakistan (a few non Muslim members, however, did not take part in the vote). This resolution satisfied the legal provision of ascertaining the choice of the people of British Balochistan as required by June 03 draft and when the Independence of India Act was passed by the British Parliament on July 18, 1947, the province of British Balochistan was to become a part of Pakistan without any further qualification or provision. ***6
**
A detailed explanation of the proceedings at the Shahi Jirga are as follows : Fifty four members of the Shahi Jirga and Quetta Municipality voted en bloc to join Pakistan. The eight non-Muslim members of the Quetta
Municipality and the Shahi Jirga (seven Hindus and one Parsi) did not
attend the meeting. 7

Furthermore the results of the Shahi Jirga & the ensuing inclusion of British Baluchistan into the Dominion of Pakistan is also duly noted in the Indian Independence Act of 1947 which reads as follows : Subject to the provisions of subsections (3) and (4) of this section, the territories of Pakistan shall be…the territories which, at the date of the passing of this Act, are included in the Province of Sind and the Chief Commissioner’s Province of British Baluchistan… **8
**
After the bulk of present day Baluchistan had already ceded to the Dominion of Pakistan, the fate of the Kalat State & of Makran, Lasbella & Kharan remained.

Apparently the Khan of Kalat had *‘some discrete intention of an independent or quasi independent status of some kind which was not provided by the Independence of India Act that applied to all the 562 Indian States. While he was withholding the decision on accession, the other three states of Kharan, Makran and Lasbela called off the mutual suzerainty arrangements and separately acceded to Pakistan in March, 1948 leaving only the state of Kalat taking its time to decide its future.’ ***9
**
But as mentioned above : “The rulers of the states of Kharan, Makran and Lasbela announced their decision to join the Pakistan dominion on 21 March 1948 and their respective rulers signed the official documents.” **10
**
Therefore ‘*In the last resort, it is reported, the Khan of Kalat called a meeting of tribal Sardars but none turned up because on February 12, 1948 at Sibi they had promised with Quaid-e-Azam allegiance for Pakistan. The Khan eventually declared accession of the state of Kalat to Pakistan on March 22, 1948.’ ***11,12
**
However I’m not too sure about the accuracy of the ‘date’ of accession because I’ve read March 27, 1948 as a possible date as well.

A decade later on 7th or 8th September 1958 Pakistan purchased Gwadar from Oman.

Inaccuracy Number (3)

Okay now this one is more of an **implied ** inaccuracy than a deliberate one : **Baluchistan is more or less ethnically & linguistically homogeneous & the Separatists are fighting for all Baluchistanis or most Baluchistanis ! **

Now leaving aside the fact that the Separatists don’t represent the Baluch People because only ‘37% of Baluch want Independence form Pakistan’ **13 **& what could be the break-up of this 37% figure & how neglect & bad governance by the State is responsible for much of these 37% of the People loosing faith in the State, I’m not going to go into that for that has been discussed to death already & because the purpose of this ‘post’ is to dispel ‘historical & anthropological inaccuracies’ not debate about who is or who isn’t with Pakistan !

Therefore the ethnic make-up of Baluchistan must be understood & kept in mind to dispel the ‘anthropological’ inaccuracy mentioned above :

The Historical Ethno-Linguistic Make-Up of Baluchistan was as follows : Towards the end of the first Anglo-Afghan War (1838-42) the demographic state of this region was 300,000 Brahuis, 200,000 Pushtuns and only 80,000 Baluchis. **14
**
*According to an earlier 1981 Census Report, *
*linguistically, there were 38.28 percent Balochis, 25.15 percent Pushtuns *
and 22.02 percent Brahuis and the remainder 14.55 percent spoke other languages. 15
The latest Census Report of Balochistan Province of 1998, has grouped together Balochis and Brahuis, making a total of 54.76 percent besides 45.24 per cent Pushtuns and others, who speak Sindhi, Punjabi, Saraiki, Urdu, etc 16

This 45.24% figure is further broken down into linguistic line as Urdu (0.97%), Punjabi (2.52%), Sindhi (5.58%), Pushto (29.64%), Balochi (54.76% - which includes Barahui) , Saraiki (2.42%) & Others (4.11%). 17

Now even if one were to group the Baluch with the Barahui Speakers then it is quite evident that Baluchistan is ethnically & linguistically quite diverse & therefore it is most erroneous to look at Baluchistan from the lens of a single ethnicity with a single political aspiration & a single historical narrative for it !

Thank You !

References :

1. ** Imperial Gazetteer of India: Provincial Series: Balochistan (Calcutta, 1908, reprint Lahore: Oriental Publishers, 1976), 14**
2. These comprised Sibi, Duki, Pishin, and Chaman obtained under the Treaty of Gandamak in 1879 and formally declared part of British India in 1887. The “administered areas” of British Balochistan also included Chagai, Loralai (except Duki) and the territories leased from the Khan of Kalat, including Quetta, Bolan, Nushki and Nasirabad. These comprised Sibi, Duki, Pishin, and Chaman obtained under the Treaty of Gandamak in 1879 and formally declared part of British India in 1887. The “administered areas” of British Balochistan also included Chagai, Loralai (except Duki) and the territories leased from the Khan of Kalat, including Quetta, Bolan, Nushki and Nasirabad. These comprised Sibi, Duki, Pishin, and Chaman obtained under the Treaty of Gandamak in 1879 and formally declared part of British India in 1887. The “administered areas” of British Balochistan also included Chagai, Loralai (except Duki) and the territories leased from the Khan of Kalat, including Quetta, Bolan, Nushki and Nasirabad*** (IPRFI Fact File - Baluchistan : Facts & Fiction, ix)***
3. British Political Agent controlled Kalat. A native official, who resided at Khuzdar, was appointed to assist in respect of Jhalawan. Makran was under the control of a Kalat official known as the Nazim. The rest of Kalat was divided into niabats who were Kalat officials. Las Bela and Kharan had become practically independent of the Khan and were administered by the Political Agent of Kalat**.***** (****IPRI Journal, Summer 2006, vol. XI, no. 2, 56-73.) ***as reproduced in the (IPRFI Fact File - Baluchistan : Facts & Fiction, ix).
4. *Since British rule and till recently, except for Quetta, the rest of Balochistan was
   governed according to their established riwaj (customs) under the overall control of *
   the respective Sardars (IPRFI Fact File - Baluchistan : Facts & Fiction, xi)
5. Imperial Gazetteer, 12.**
6. Pildat Issue Paper - The Baluchistan Conflict, March 2012, pg.13.
7. (IPRFI Fact File - Baluchistan : Facts & Fiction, vi).
8. **Indian Independence Act 1947. 10 & II GEO. 6. CH. 30. Section 2 titled ‘Territories of the New Dominions’, pg 1 (A2). **
9. Pildat Issue Paper - The Baluchistan Conflict, March 2012, pg.14.
10. Siddiqi (2012), p. 60
11. Pildat Issue Paper - The Baluchistan Conflict, March 2012, pg.14.
12. Syed Iqbal Ahmad, Balochistan: Its strategic importance, pg.
    119-120.
13. 37pc Baloch favour independence: UK survey - thenews.com.pk
14. **Frontier and Overseas Expeditions from India: Baluchistan & the First Afghan War(Reprinted Lahore: Book Traders, n.d.), 1. **reference obtained from IPRFI Fact File - Baluchistan : Facts & Fiction, viii.
15. **1981 Census Report of Balochistan Province (Islamabad: Population Census Organization Statistics Division, Government of Pakistan),10. reference obtained from IPRFI Fact File - Baluchistan : Facts & Fiction, viii-ix. **
16. **1998 Census Report of Balochistan (Islamabad: Population Census Organization Statistics
    Division, Government of Pakistan reference obtained from IPRFI Fact File - Baluchistan : Facts & Fiction, ix. **
17. Population Census Organisation: PAKISTAN - CENSUS reference obtained from Pildat Issue Paper - The Baluchistan Conflict, March 2012, pg.10

Source: Some Historical Inaccuracies !

1 baloch broke alliance with afghani by defeating Ahmed shah pathan in 1758 and a treaty of kalat kandahar after which balochistan became completely free from afghan domination after that baloch had nothing to do with afghani us k bad baloch never came under afghan never ever ye last time hai is k bad me ap ko reference nai dunga is bath ka

REFERENCE

1. Akhund Muhammad Siddiqui,1984, Akhbar-ul-Abrar, (Tarikh-e-Khawanin-e-Kalat), Translated by: Mir Gul Khan Naseer, Nisa Traders, Quetta
2. Baloch, Inayatullah,1987, The Problem of Greater Balochistan, GMBH, Stuttgart, Germany
3. Dames, Long Wroth, 1988, Popular Poetry of Baloches, Balochi Academy, Quetta
4. Dehwar, Muhammad Saeed, 1990, Tarikh-e-Balochistan, Nisa Traders, Quetta
5. Durrani. Ashiq Muhammad Khan, Prof. Dr. 1999, Tarikh-e-Afghansitan, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore
6. Elphinstone, Mont Stuart, 1990, 2nd Edition, The Kingdom of Caboul, Vol-II, Gosha-e-Adab, Quetta
7. Ganda Singh, Ahmed Shah Durrani, 1990, Gosha-e-Adab, Quetta
8. Ganjabvi, Noor Mohammad, 1990 Jang Nama, Tohfatul-Naseer, Pakistan Study Centre, University of Balochistan, Quetta
9. Hart, Lawrance Lak, , 2007, Nadir Shah, (Translated by: Tahir Mansoor Farooqui) Takhliqat Lahore
10. Hittu, Ram, N.D. Tarikh-e-Balochistan, Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore
11. Hughes, A. W. reprint, 2002, The Country of Balochistan, Sales and Services, Quetta
12. Khan, Ahmed Yar, Mir, 2007 Tarikh-e-Qaum-o-Khawanin-e-Baloch, Al-Asar Publications, Lahore
13. Marri, Shah Muhammad, 2000, Baloch Qaum Aed-e-Qadeem say Asre Hazir Tak, Takhliqat, Lahore
14. Naseer, Gul Khan, Mir, 1984, Balochi Razmia Shairi, Balochi Academy, Quetta
15. Naseer, Gul Khan, Mir, 2000, 4th Edition, Tarikh-e-Balochistan, Kalat Publisher, Quetta
16. Pottinger, Henry, 1986,Travel in Sindh and Balochistan, Indus Publications, Karachi
17. Sykes, Persi Monsorth, 1940, A History of Afghanistan, Vol -II, London
18. Sykes, Persi Monsorth, 1940, A History of Persia, Vol-II, London
19. G.P. Tate, 1973, Kingdom of Afghanistan, Indus Publications, Karachi****

HISTORY OF BOLAN(KACHI)

**2 **bolan was under the control of baloch during the time of mir chakar rind but after civil war between baloch it fell into the hands of mughals and they gave it to barozai remember us time b baloch rete the wahan per then khan of kalat kicked out barozai afghans and push them to sibi then kalhora took over bolan again khan of kalat mir abdullah khan attacked them and died while fighting kalhora as he was only with some fighters then nadir shah made it part of balochistan in 1740 as blood money for mir abdullah khan kicking kalhoras out of bolan, Present Chef of Bolan is Sardar Mir Yar Mohammad Khan Rind Baloch.

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Kachi District - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

HISTORY OF SIBI

**3 **sibi was also in control of baloch under mir chakar rind but kalhora took it cause of civil war between baloch but then khan of kalat took it after crushing kalhora in sibi after that sibi fell into the hands of British and then back into the hands of baloch

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Sibi District

Baluchistan States Union

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Baluchistan States Union - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner’s Province)

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The province was originally formed over the period 1876–1891 by three treaties between Robert Sandeman and the Khan of Kalat . Sandeman became the Political Agent for the British-administered areas which were strategically located between British India and Afghanistan. A military base was established at Quetta which played a major part in the Second and Third Afghan Wars.

Demographics

The population of the province was equally split between Baloch tribes in the south and west and Pashtun tribes in the north .

Baluchistan (Chief Commissioner’s Province) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Chagai District

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**HISTORY OF CHAGAI **

Sanjrani Baloch ruled Chagai for more than four hundred years the history of Sanjrani is in the poetry of local singers of every era they ruled.The present chief of Chagai is Sardar Mir Taj Muhammad Khan Sanjrani Baloch

Chagai District - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Nushki

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HISTORY OF NUSHKI

Rakshani Baloch are the Real Owner Of Nushki. Khan of Kalat Mir Noori Naseer Khan Baloch certified Sardar Mir Jeeand Rakshani Baloch as the Prince of Nushki in 1750.

Nushki - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Quetta District

****HISTORY OF QUETTA(SHAL)

The ancient name of Quetta was Shalkot, a term by which it is still known among the people of the country, the District was held in turns by the Ghaznavids, Ghurids, and Mongols, and towards the end of the fifteenth century was conferred by the ruler of Herat on Shah Beg Arghun, who, however, had shortly to give way before the rising power of the Mughals. The Ain-e-Akbari mentions both Shal and Pishin as supplying military service and revenue to Akbar, however these areas passed with Kandahar to the Safavids. On the rise of the turkish origin afghanized Ghilzai Hotak tribe power in Kandahar at the beginning of the eighteenth century, simultaneously with that of the Baloch in Kalat, Quetta and Pishin became the battle-ground between Afghan and Baloch, Ahmed Shah Durrani Finally handed Quetta over to the Khan of Kalat Mir Noori Naseer Khan Baloch for helping him with his Baloch Army against Persians in iran in 1751 and 1770 against Marathas in Battle of Panipat (1761) and against Sikh in 1765 .****

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Quetta District - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

**
DEMOGRAPHICS OF BALOCHISTAN**

as for demographics so baloch are majority from mastung a to gwadar lasbela mastung is an area which borders quetta in case anyone dont know about that and as for quetta so it is mix population of hazara baloch pathan sindhi punjabi siraki hindu christian and quetta is also infested with afghan refugees cause 40 lakh afghan refugees migrated to the pashtun belt of balochistan during the soviet war lots of them got pakistani id card now by bribing nadra and more afghan refugees are applying for pakistani citizenship bribing nadra to convert baloch into a minority in their own province this is a serious issue for baloch we have raised it every now and then recently we told the govt to cancel the id cards of 10 lakh afghan refugees and also send the 40 lakh afghan refugees back to afghanistan who are in balochistan currently we wont tolerate afghan refugees in balochistan anymore as they are becoming a threat for baloch nation now they have to leave balochhistan at any
cost

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BALOCHISTAN PARTS WHICH ARE IN AFGHANISTAN

we will also take those arease of balochistan which are in afghanistan now and merge them with pakistan so that strength of pakistan increases which is Northern Balochistan/ Afghan Balochistan is Nimroz, south of Helmand Kandahar, province of Afghanistan. the British made it part of Afghanistan to divide Baloch Nation
**

HISTORY OF NORTHERN BALOCHISTAN AFGHANISTAN**

The Baluch are an ethnic group that numbers around 200,000 in Afghanistan. The main Baloch areas located in Balochistan province in Pakistan and Sistan and Baluchistan province of Iran. Many also live in southern Afghanistan. They are most likely an offshoot of the Kurds and reached Afghanistan sometime between 1000 and 1300 AD. Mainly pastoral and desert dwellers, the Baluch are Sunni Muslim.[SUP][6][/SUP] The Baluch population in Afghanistan number approximately 600,000 of which 400,000 are Balochi speakers and 200,000 Brahui speakers.[SUP][7][/SUP] The majority of the Baluch people live in southern Afghanistan.[SUP][7][/SUP] The Balochi speakers are mostly settled in Nimruz Province. The Brahui speakers mainly inhabit Kandahar Province. In Helmand, the Balochi and Brahui-speaker Balochs intermingle. Balochs in other parts of Afghanistan speak Pashto and Dari. During the Soviet war in Afghanistan and Afghan Civil War (1989-1992) many Pashtuns settled in parts of Baluchistan.

Balochistan, Afghanistan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

even quetta belongs to baloch as Ahmed shah abdali given it to khan of kalat mir noori naseer khan baloch

**prove of my claim book name Later Mughal history of the punjab by hari ram gupta page number 217 . and i will not reply you after this post as i am sick of giving u u to many prove and references again and again if u still dont believe me thats ur problem not mine me jahilun se behas nai karta kyun k ap meri batun ko samajne se kasir hain so i leave it to the people to decide if ur right or am right cheers
**

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