Re: Annullment of marriage in islam
Sister, I have collected relevant material from different answers on sunnipath.com. I am only mentioning few here, (which I found relevant) please check the following site for the complete list of “Divorce” related matters in the light of Hadiths and authentic sources.**
**http://www.sunnipath.com/library/Hadith/H0001P0029.aspx
29.2 Divorce by Euphemistic Statements
5 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab had heard in a letter from Iraq that a man had said to his wife, “Your rein is on your withers” (i.e. you have free rein). 'Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote to his governor to order the man to come to him at Makka at the time of the Hajj. While 'Umar was doing tawaf around the House, a man met him and greeted him. 'Umar asked him who he was, and he replied that he was the man that he had ordered to be brought to him. 'Umar said to him, “I ask you by the Lord of this building, what did you mean by your statement, ‘Your rein is on your withers’?” The man replied, “Had you made me swear by other than this place, I would not have told you the truth. I intended separation by that.” 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, “It is what you intended.”
6 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib used to say that if a man said to his wife, “You are haram for me,” it counted as three pronouncements of divorce.
Malik said, “That is the best of what I have heard on the subject.”
7 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi’ that 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar said that the statement like, “I cut myself off from you,” or “You are abandoned”, were considered as three pronouncements of divorce.
29.6 Annulment of Marriage by the Husband’s Vow to Refrain from Intercourse (Ila’)
17 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ja’far ibn Muhammad from his father that 'Ali ibn Abi Talib said, “When a man takes a vow to abstain from intercourse, divorce does not occur immediately. If four months pass, he must declare his intent and either he is divorced or he revokes his vow.”
29.28 Deadline of Men Who Do Not Have Intercourse with Their Wives
74 Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Sa’id ibn al-Musayyab said, “If someone marries a woman and cannot have intercourse with her, there is a deadline of a year set for him to have intercourse with her. If he does not, they are separated.”
29.20 'Idda of Women with Missing Husbands**
52 Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Sa’id from Sa’id ibn al-Musayyab that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab said, “The woman who loses her husband and does not not know where he is, waits for four years, then does 'idda for four months, and then she is free to marry.”
Malik said, “If she marries after he*r 'idda *is over, regardless of whether the new husband has consummated the marriage or not, her first husband has no means of access to her.”
Malik said, “That is what is done among us. If her husband reaches her before she has re-married, he is more entitled to her.”
Malik said that he had seen people disapproving of what one person said that one of the people (i.e. one of the people of knowledge) had attributed to 'Umar ibn al-Khattab that he had said, “Her first husband chooses when he comes - either her bride-price or his wife.”
Malik said, "I have heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, speaking about a woman whose husband divorced her while he was absent from her and then took her back, and the news of his taking her back had not reached her while the news of his divorcing her had, and so she had married again, said, ‘Her first husband who divorced her has no means of access to her whether or not the new husband has consummated the marriage.’ "
Malik said, “This is what I like best of what I have heard about the missing man.”
29.27 Oath of Men to Divorce While Not Yet Married
73 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab, 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar, 'Abdullah ibn Mas’ud, Salim ibn 'Abdullah, al-Qasim ibn Muhammad, Ibn Shihab, and Sulayman ibn Yasar all said, “If a man has vowed to divorce his wife before marrying her and then he breaks his vow, divorce is obligatory for him when he marries her.”
29.16 Divorce of Sick Men
44 Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard Ibn Shihab say, “When a man who is terminally ill divorces his wife three times, she still inherits from him.”
29.5 When Allowing a Wife Her Authority Does Not Constitute a Divorce
14 Yahya related to me from Malik from 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn al-Qasim from his father that 'A’isha, Umm al-Muminin, proposed to Qurayba bint Abi Umayya on behalf of 'Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr. They married her to him and her people found fault with 'Abd ar-Rahman and said, “We only gave in marriage because of 'A’isha.” 'A’isha therefore sent to 'Abd ar-Rahman and told him about it. He gave Qurayba authority over herself and she chose her husband and so there was no divorce.
29.13 Li’an (Invoking Mutual Curses)
35 Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi’ from 'Abdullah ibn 'Umar that a man cursed his wife in the time of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and disowned her child. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, separated them and gave the child to the woman.
Malik said, “Allah the Blessed, the Exalted, says,* ‘Those who make an accusation against their wives and have no witnesses except themselves, the legal proceeding of such a one is to testify four times by Allah that he is telling the truth and a fifth time that Allah’s curse will be upon him if he is lying. And the punishment is removed from her if she testifies four times by Allah that he is lying and a fifth time that Allah’s anger will be upon her if he speaks the truth.’*” (24:6-9)
Malik said, “The sunna with us is that those who curse each other are never to be remarried. If the man calls himself a liar (i.e. takes back his accusation), he is flogged with the hadd punishment, and the child is attributed to him, and his wife can never return to him. There is no doubt or dispute about this sunna among us.”
Malik said, “If a man separates from his wife by an irrevocable divorce by which he cannot return to her, and then he denies the paternity of the child she is carrying whilst she claims that he is the father, and it is possible by the timing that he be so, he must curse her, so that it is not known that the pregnancy is by him.”
Malik said, “That is what is done among us, and it is what I have heard from the people of knowledge.”
Malik said that a man who accused his wife after he had divorced her trebly while she was pregnant, and he had at first accepted being the father but then claimed that he had seen her committing adultery before he separated from her, was flogged with the hadd punishment, and did not curse her.